linux安装系统d,matebookD安装linux系统总结

本帖最后由 龙行tx 于 2018-4-4 17:39 编辑

前段时间想买笔记本，刚好遇到华为周年庆，价格比小米的低了800左右，马上下手买了，用了半个月后，确认电脑没有质量问题，也受不了满满的windows软件，于是就开始换系统了。

准备8G以上u盘和iso安装包，我下的是debian-9.4.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso，推荐到163等国内源下载，几分钟就下载完了，直接解压iso文件到u盘即可。

插入u盘，开机按F2进入bios，将secure boot设为disable，F10保存退出，然后按F12选择u盘启动，按提示进行安装即可，当检测网络设备时，由于没有提前做好功课，所以只能选择无网络设备，安装完毕后发现wifi不能用，dmesg发现缺少iwlwifi-8265-34.ucode等固件，于是通过手机usb分享网络，下载对应固件放入/lib/firmware后重启，还是不能用，继续找度娘，lspci -knn发现8265 / 8275 [8086:24fd]，为8265的变种，只能在4.12以上内核被支持，而debian9.4内核是4.9的，于是升级内核到4.15重启后，wifi能正常使用了。

接着把之前的工作环境迁移到本电脑，安装virtualbox后发现虚拟机不能启动，dkms模块与现在内核不匹配，于是干脆把source.list中stretch改为testing，dist-upgrade后，系统版本变为debian10，虚拟机也可以正常使用了。

但是问题又来了，fcitx中文输入法不能用了，百思不得解，原本以为是系统升级问题，于是花了一天时间下载debian10的安装包(testing版安装包只有官网有，速度像蜗牛)，准备重新装系统，这次固件包也一起放到u盘的firmware文件夹里，安装完毕后，没想到中文输入法还是不能用，于是度娘好久，才发现，debian10将X11改为了Wayland，而wayland不读取.xinputrc等文件，于是在/etc/environment中添加下面代码

GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx

QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx

XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx

然后将fcitx加入开机启动项后，重启，可以使用中文输入法了。至此，安装总算是完成了，独立显卡貌似开源驱动有点问题，还没有安装官网驱动。附上我提取出来的需要用到的固件和debian10安装包。

链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ll5gmTa33UwjizA6jUs24w 密码: tt2b

之前的蓝牙是可以正常用的，直接安装debian10后发现蓝牙不稳定，不过我不怎么用蓝牙，如果需要使用蓝牙的话，推荐还是采用先安装稳定版，然后升级到测试版。参考https://askubuntu.com/questions/ ... er-30mw-not-working方法生成regulatory.db。

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$ lspci -knn

00:00.0 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v6/7th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers [8086:5914] (rev 08)

Subsystem: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Xeon E3-1200 v6/7th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers [19e5:3e05]

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation UHD Graphics 620 [8086:5917] (rev 07)

Subsystem: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. UHD Graphics 620 [19e5:3e05]

Kernel driver in use: i915

Kernel modules: i915

00:04.0 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation Skylake Processor Thermal Subsystem [8086:1903] (rev 08)

Subsystem: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Thermal Subsystem [19e5:3e05]

Kernel driver in use: proc_thermal

Kernel modules: processor_thermal_device

00:08.0 System peripheral [0880]: Intel Corporation Skylake Gaussian Mixture Model [8086:1911]

Subsystem: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Xeon E3-1200 v5/v6 / E3-1500 v5 / 6th/7th Gen Core Processor Gaussian Mixture Model [19e5:3e05]

00:14.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP USB 3.0 xHCI Controller [8086:9d2f] (rev 21)

Subsystem: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Sunrise Point-LP USB 3.0 xHCI Controller [19e5:3e05]

Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd

Kernel modules: xhci_pci

00:14.2 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Thermal subsystem [8086:9d31] (rev 21)

Subsystem: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Sunrise Point-LP Thermal subsystem [19e5:3e05]

Kernel driver in use: intel_pch_thermal

Kernel modules: intel_pch_thermal

00:15.0 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Serial IO I2C Controller #0 [8086:9d60] (rev 21)

Subsystem: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Sunrise Point-LP Serial IO I2C Controller [19e5:3e05]

Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss

Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci

00:15.1 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Serial IO I2C Controller #1 [8086:9d61] (rev 21)

Subsystem: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Sunrise Point-LP Serial IO I2C Controller [19e5:3e05]

Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss

Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci

00:16.0 Communication controller [0780]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP CSME HECI #1 [8086:9d3a] (rev 21)

Subsystem: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Sunrise Point-LP CSME HECI [19e5:3e05]

Kernel driver in use: mei_me

Kernel modules: mei_me

00:17.0 SATA controller [0106]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP SATA Controller [AHCI mode] [8086:9d03] (rev 21)

Subsystem: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Sunrise Point-LP SATA Controller [AHCI mode] [19e5:3e05]

Kernel driver in use: ahci

Kernel modules: ahci

00:1c.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port [8086:9d10] (rev f1)

Kernel driver in use: pcieport

Kernel modules: shpchp

00:1d.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #9 [8086:9d18] (rev f1)

Kernel driver in use: pcieport

Kernel modules: shpchp

00:1f.0 ISA bridge [0601]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:9d4e] (rev 21)

Subsystem: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Device [19e5:3e05]

00:1f.2 Memory controller [0580]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PMC [8086:9d21] (rev 21)

Subsystem: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Sunrise Point-LP PMC [19e5:3e05]

00:1f.3 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP HD Audio [8086:9d71] (rev 21)

Subsystem: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Sunrise Point-LP HD Audio [19e5:3e05]

Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel

Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel, snd_soc_skl

00:1f.4 SMBus [0c05]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP SMBus [8086:9d23] (rev 21)

Subsystem: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Sunrise Point-LP SMBus [19e5:3e05]

Kernel driver in use: i801_smbus

Kernel modules: i2c_i801

01:00.0 3D controller [0302]: NVIDIA Corporation GP108M [GeForce MX150] [10de:1d10] (rev a1)

Subsystem: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. GP108M [GeForce MX150] [19e5:3e05]

Kernel driver in use: nouveau

Kernel modules: nouveau

02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Wireless 8265 / 8275 [8086:24fd] (rev 78)

Subsystem: Intel Corporation Wireless 8265 / 8275 [8086:1014]

Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi

Kernel modules: iwlwifi