linux 去掉文件锁,Linux 文件锁

系统调用fcntl

#include

#include

int fcntl(int fd, int cmd, struct flock *lock );

参数：

fd：文件描述符

cmd：F_GETLK, F_SETLK or F_SETLKW

lock：按照如下规则填写，可以达到相应效果

F_GETLK, F_SETLK and F_SETLKW are used to acquire, release, and test for the existence of record locks (also known as file-segment or file-region

locks). The third argument, lock, is a pointer to a structure that has at least the following fields (in unspecified order).

struct flock {

...

short l_type; /* Type of lock: F_RDLCK,

F_WRLCK, F_UNLCK */

short l_whence; /* How to interpret l_start:

SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END */

off_t l_start; /* Starting offset for lock */

off_t l_len; /* Number of bytes to lock */

pid_t l_pid; /* PID of process blocking our lock

(F_GETLK only) */

...

};

文件锁的封装

filelock.h：

#ifndef _FILE_LOCK_H

#define _FILE_LOCK_H

int lock_reg(int fd, int cmd, int type, off_t offset, int whence, off_t len);

int File_ReadLck(int fd, off_t offset, int whence, off_t len);

int File_WriteLck(int fd, off_t offset, int whence, off_t len);

int File_ReadLckW(int fd, off_t offset, int whence, off_t len);

int File_WriteLckW(int fd, off_t offset, int whence, off_t len);

int File_Unlock(int fd, off_t offset, int whence, off_t len);

#endif

filelock.c：

#include

#include

#include

#include "filelock.h"

int lock_reg(int fd, int cmd, int type, off_t offset, int whence, off_t len)

{

struct flock lock;

lock.l_type = type;

lock.l_start = offset;

lock.l_whence = whence;

lock.l_len = len;

return (fcntl(fd, cmd, &lock));

}

int File_ReadLck(int fd, off_t offset, int whence, off_t len)

{

return lock_reg(fd, F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, offset, whence, len);

}

int File_WriteLck(int fd, off_t offset, int whence, off_t len)

{

return lock_reg(fd, F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, offset, whence, len);

}

int File_ReadLckW(int fd, off_t offset, int whence, off_t len)

{

return lock_reg(fd, F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, offset, whence, len);

}

int File_WriteLckW(int fd, off_t offset, int whence, off_t len)

{

return lock_reg(fd, F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, offset, whence, len);

}

int File_Unlock(int fd, off_t offset, int whence, off_t len)

{

return lock_reg(fd, F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, offset, whence, len);

}

例程

#include

#include

#include "filelock.h"

int main(void)

{

int fd = 0;

pid_t pid = 0;

fd = open("tmp", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666);

unlink("tmp");

pid = fork();

if(0 == pid)

{

while(1)

{

File_WriteLckW(fd, 0, SEEK_SET, 1);

printf("====> child process\n\n");

usleep(5000000);

File_Unlock(fd, 0, SEEK_SET, 1);

usleep(500000);

}

}

while(1)

{

File_WriteLckW(fd, 0, SEEK_SET, 1);

printf("#### parent process\n\n");

usleep(5000000);

File_Unlock(fd, 0, SEEK_SET, 1);

usleep(500000);

}

return 0;

}

文件锁的用法：

不同的对象访问同一文件，可以使用文件锁达到读写同步，不会导致文件写入混乱。

进程间访问同一资源，使用文件锁作为进程间的锁达到访问同步；用法：创建一个空文件，并使用文件的第一字节(无需存在)作为锁字节，然后unlink文件；获取资源之前，先获取该字节的写锁；释放资源时，对该字节解锁。记录锁的一个优点是：持有锁的进程终止退出时，内核会自动释放该锁，所以进程间就不会因为进程崩溃导致死锁。