Maven安装与使用

1.安装Maven

    1）官网下载Maven ： http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi，解压下载文件

    2）配置环境变量

 

    3）验证是否已经安装成功：打开cmd，输入mvn -version

 

 

2.Maven的setting.xml文件配置

  修改Maven安装路径的config目录的settings.xml文件影响所有用户的Maven操作，在c盘用户目录${user.home}/.m2目录下新建settings.xml文件影响当前用户的操作

    1）修改下载仓库。 从中央仓库下载出现异常，可以修改仓库，下面的例子是使用新的仓库，且需要用户名密码登陆的例子

 <servers>
     <server>
          <id>nexus</id>
          <username>userName</username>
          <password>Password</password>
    </server>
  </servers>

  <!-- mirrors
   | This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.
   |
   | It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.
   | However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored
   | it to several places.
   |
   | That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that
   | repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred
   | server for that repository.
   |-->
  <mirrors>
     <mirror>
           <id>nexus</id>
           <name>Nexus</name>
           <url>mirrorURL</url>
           <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
    </mirror>
  </mirrors>

  <!-- profiles
   | This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify
   | the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-
   | specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.
   |
   | For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where
   | your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is
   | dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.
   |
   | As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles
   | section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially
   | relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,
   | or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a
   | value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.
   | Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.
   |
   | NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact
   |       repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration
   |       variables for plugins in the POM.
   |
   |-->
  <profiles>
      <profile>
         <id>nexus</id>
         <repositories>
             <repository>
                <id>nexus</id>
                <name>Nexus</name>
                <url>mirrorURL/</url>
                <releases><enabled>true</enabled></releases>
                <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
             </repository>
         </repositories>
         <pluginRepositories>
             <pluginRepository>
                 <id>nexus</id>
                 <name>Nexus</name>
                 <url>mirrorURL/</url>
                 <releases><enabled>true</enabled></releases>
                 <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
             </pluginRepository>
         </pluginRepositories>
     </profile>
  </profiles>

  2）修改本地仓库，默认本地仓库为${user.home}/.m2/repository/

<settings>
  ...
  <localRepository>/path/to/local/repo/</localRepository>
  ...
</settings>

官方配置教程：https://maven.apache.org/guides/mini/guide-configuring-maven.html

 

3.Maven常用命令

 mvn compile：

           下载项目依赖的jar包

           编译项目主代码${basedir}/scr/main/java目录下的代码，并且将生成的calss文件复制到target/classes目录下

           将${basedir}/scr/main/resources目录下的文件拷贝至target/classes目录

 

 mvn test:

           执行以上步骤，下载项目运行需要的dependency与plugins（如果已存在就不下载），编译且测试执行test-classes目录下的class文件

 

 mvn package：执行以上步骤，并且将项目打包生成jar包文件放在${basedir}/target目录下

 

 

  mvn install：执行以上几个环节，并且将jar文件拷贝至本地仓库，默认为${user.home}/.m2/repository

  mvn clean:清理输出目录${basedir}/target   （ ${basedir}为pom.xml文件所在目录，项目根目录）

4.Maven pom.xml文件

   1） dependency的命名规则：groupId:artifactId:packaging:classifier:version

   2） maven-compiler-plugin的compile目标用来编译位于src/main/java/目录下的主源码，testCompile目标用来编译位于src/test/java/目录下的测试源码。

           maven-surefire-plugin是执行测试的插件，例如 mvn test -Dtest=FooTest 这样一条命令的效果是仅运行FooTest测试类，这是通过控制maven-surefire-plugin的test参数实现的。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaochengzi/p/6206614.html