java udp socket编程_java socket 之UDP编程

一、概念

在TCP的所有操作中都必须建立可靠的连接，这样一来肯定会浪费大量的系统性能，为了减少这种开销，在网络中又提供了另外的一种传输协议——UDP，不可靠的连接(这种协议在各种聊天工具中被广泛使用)。

在UDP程序的开发中使用DatagramPacket包装一条要发送的信息，之后使用DatagramSocket用于完成信息的发送操作。

例如：现在使用聊天工具进行聊天，那么A发送的信息B不一定能够接收的到，因为使用的就是UDP协议。

基于UDP通信的基本模式：

(1)将数据打包，称为数据包(好比将信件装入信封一样)，然后将数据包发往目的地。

(2)接受别人发来的数据包(好比接收信封一样)，然后查看数据包中的内容。

以下用一个聊天程序来说明，功能效果如下图所示：

二、工程目录

三、服务端

1)UDPServer类，服务端主类

importjava.awt.event.ActionEvent;importjava.awt.event.ActionListener;importjava.awt.event.WindowAdapter;importjava.awt.event.WindowEvent;importjavax.swing.ImageIcon;importjavax.swing.JButton;importjavax.swing.JFrame;importjavax.swing.JOptionPane;importjavax.swing.JPanel;importjavax.swing.JTextArea;importjavax.swing.JTextField;public class UDPServer extends JFrame implementsActionListener{

JTextArea jta;

JTextField jtf;

JButton jb;

JPanel jp;

ServerToClientThread stcT;public static voidmain(String[] args) {//TODO Auto-generated method stub

newUDPServer();

}publicUDPServer()

{

setTitle("UDP服务端");

jta=newJTextArea();

jtf=new JTextField(15);

jb=new JButton("发送");

jb.addActionListener(this);

jp=newJPanel();

jp.add(jtf);

jp.add(jb);this.add(jta,"Center");this.add(jp,"South");this.setBounds(300, 200, 300, 200);this.setVisible(true);

setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);

stcT= newServerToClientThread(jta);

stcT.start();/**窗体关闭按钮事件*/

this.addWindowListener(newWindowAdapter()

{public voidwindowClosing(WindowEvent e)

{if(JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "确定退出吗？","系统提示",JOptionPane.OK_CANCEL_OPTION,JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE)==0)

{

System.exit(0);

stcT.closeSocket();

}else{return;

}

}

});

}

@Overridepublic voidactionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {//TODO Auto-generated method stub//假如点击了按钮jb

if(arg0.getSource()==jb)

{byte buffer[] =jtf.getText().trim().getBytes();

stcT.sendData(buffer);

}

}

}

2)ServerToClientThread类，服务端处理线程

importjava.net.DatagramPacket;importjava.net.DatagramSocket;importjava.net.InetAddress;importjavax.swing.JTextArea;/***@authorlenovo

**/

public class ServerToClientThread extendsThread{private String sendIP = "127.0.0.1";private int sendPORT = 6666;private int receivePORT = 8888;//声明发送信息的数据报套结字

private DatagramSocket sendSocket = null;//声明发送信息的数据包

private DatagramPacket sendPacket = null;//声明接受信息的数据报套结字

private DatagramSocket receiveSocket = null;//声明接受信息的数据报

private DatagramPacket receivePacket = null;//缓冲数组的大小

public static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 5120;private byte inBuf[] = null; //接收数据的缓冲数组

JTextArea jta;//构造函数

publicServerToClientThread(JTextArea jta) {this.jta =jta;

}public voidrun() {try{

inBuf= new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];

receivePacket= newDatagramPacket(inBuf,inBuf.length);

receiveSocket= newDatagramSocket(receivePORT);

}catch(Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();//TODO: handle exception

}while (true) {if(receiveSocket == null){break;

}else{try{

receiveSocket.receive(receivePacket);

String message= new String(receivePacket.getData(),0,receivePacket.getLength());

jta.append("收到数据"+message+"\n");

}catch(Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();//TODO: handle exception

}

}

}

}public void sendData(bytebuffer[]){try{

InetAddress address=InetAddress.getByName(sendIP);//outBuf = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];

sendPacket = newDatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length,address,sendPORT);

sendSocket= newDatagramSocket();

sendSocket.send(sendPacket);

}catch(Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();//TODO: handle exception

}

}public voidcloseSocket(){

receiveSocket.close();

}

}

三、客户端

1)UDPClient类，客户端主类

importjava.awt.event.ActionEvent;importjava.awt.event.ActionListener;importjava.awt.event.WindowAdapter;importjava.awt.event.WindowEvent;importjavax.swing.JButton;importjavax.swing.JFrame;importjavax.swing.JOptionPane;importjavax.swing.JPanel;importjavax.swing.JTextArea;importjavax.swing.JTextField;public class UDPClient extends JFrame implementsActionListener{

JTextArea jta;

JTextField jtf;

JButton jb;

JPanel jp;

ClientToServerThread ctsT;public static voidmain(String[] args) {//TODO Auto-generated method stub

newUDPClient();

}publicUDPClient()

{

setTitle("UDP客户端");

jta=newJTextArea();

jtf=new JTextField(15);

jb=new JButton("发送");

jb.addActionListener(this);

jp=newJPanel();

jp.add(jtf);

jp.add(jb);this.add(jta,"Center");this.add(jp,"South");this.setBounds(300, 200, 300, 200);this.setVisible(true);

setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);

ctsT= newClientToServerThread(jta);

ctsT.start();/**窗体关闭按钮事件*/

this.addWindowListener(newWindowAdapter()

{public voidwindowClosing(WindowEvent e)

{if(JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "确定退出吗？","系统提示",JOptionPane.OK_CANCEL_OPTION,JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE)==0)

{

System.exit(0);

ctsT.closeSocket();

}else{return;

}

}

});

}

@Overridepublic voidactionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {//TODO Auto-generated method stub//假如点击了按钮jb

if(arg0.getSource()==jb)

{byte buffer[] =jtf.getText().trim().getBytes();

ctsT.sendData(buffer);

}

}

}

2)ClientToServerThread类，客户端线程处理类

importjava.net.DatagramPacket;importjava.net.DatagramSocket;importjava.net.InetAddress;importjavax.swing.JTextArea;/***@authorlenovo

**/

public class ClientToServerThread extendsThread{private String sendIP = "127.0.0.1";private int sendPORT = 8888;private int receivePORT = 6666;//声明发送信息的数据报套结字

private DatagramSocket sendSocket = null;//声明发送信息的数据包

private DatagramPacket sendPacket = null;//声明接受信息的数据报套结字

private DatagramSocket receiveSocket = null;//声明接受信息的数据报

private DatagramPacket receivePacket = null;//缓冲数组的大小

public static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 5120;private byte inBuf[] = null; //接收数据的缓冲数组

JTextArea jta;//构造函数

publicClientToServerThread(JTextArea jta) {this.jta =jta;

}public voidrun() {try{

inBuf= new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];

receivePacket= newDatagramPacket(inBuf,inBuf.length);

receiveSocket= newDatagramSocket(receivePORT);

}catch(Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();//TODO: handle exception

}while (true) {if(receiveSocket == null){break;

}else{try{

receiveSocket.receive(receivePacket);

String message= new String(receivePacket.getData(),0,receivePacket.getLength());

jta.append("收到数据"+message+"\n");

}catch(Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();//TODO: handle exception

}

}

}

}public void sendData(bytebuffer[]){try{

InetAddress address=InetAddress.getByName(sendIP);

sendPacket= newDatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length,address,sendPORT);//注意发送的时候，socket不需要绑定地址

sendSocket = newDatagramSocket();

sendSocket.send(sendPacket);

}catch(Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();//TODO: handle exception

}

}public voidcloseSocket(){

receiveSocket.close();

}

}