扩展目标分区前提：
扩展的分区必须要是linux lvm卷如下截图(分区/dev/sda1不可以扩展，分区/dev/sda2可以扩展)
提示：决定linux lvm的因素是磁盘第一次分区时候选择的分区格式决定的。如下图列出了linux下支持的分区格式
SSH Secure Shell 3.2.9 (Build 283)
Copyright (c) 2000-2003 SSH Communications Security Corp -
This copy of SSH Secure Shell is a non-commercial version.
This version does not include PKI and PKCS #11 functionality.
Last login: Fri Dec 18 15:51:53 2015 from 192.168.19.1
1.查看当前磁盘空间
[ ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 131M 948K 130M 1% /run
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /
tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot
tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0
[ ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 131M 948K 130M 1% /run
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /
tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot
tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0
[ ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x494832b4
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 40916992 19.5G 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-swap: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-root: 17.5 GiB, 18798870528 bytes, 36716544 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[ ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name fedora
PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4994
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4994
PV UUID WX9LBx-nFSo-mVyM-3INs-T04v-lKg4-kXFiKk
[ ~]# pvcreate /dev/sd
Device /dev/sd not found (or ignored by filtering).
[ ~]# pvcreate /dev/sd*
Device /dev/sda not found (or ignored by filtering).
Can't open /dev/sda1 exclusively. Mounted filesystem?
Can't initialize physical volume "/dev/sda2" of volume group "fedora" without -ff
[ ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb
Device /dev/sdb not found (or ignored by filtering).
[ ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sda2
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name fedora
PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4994
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4994
PV UUID WX9LBx-nFSo-mVyM-3INs-T04v-lKg4-kXFiKk
[ ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sda3
Failed to find device for physical volume "/dev/sda3".
[ ~]# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 131M 948K 130M 1% /run
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /
tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot
tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0
[ ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 131M 948K 130M 1% /run
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /
tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot
tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0
[ ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x494832b4
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 40916992 19.5G 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-swap: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-root: 17.5 GiB, 18798870528 bytes, 36716544 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[ ~]# vgextend fedora /dev/sda2
Physical volume '/dev/sda2' is already in volume group 'fedora'
Unable to add physical volume '/dev/sda2' to volume group 'fedora'.
(这里要先添加磁盘分区)
2.创建磁盘分区
[ ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.26.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): m
Help:
DOS (MBR)
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit nested BSD disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
Generic
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
t change a partition type
v verify the partition table
Misc
m print this menu
u change display/entry units
x extra functionality (experts only)
Script
I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
Save & Exit
w write table to disk and exit
q quit without saving changes
Create a new label
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
o create a new empty DOS partition table
s create a new empty Sun partition table
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First sector (41943040-62914559, default 41943040):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (41943040-62914559, default 62914559):
Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux' and of size 10 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Re-reading the partition table failed.: Device or resource busy
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8).
[ ~]# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 131M 948K 130M 1% /run
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /
tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot
tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0
3./dev/sda3即是新创建的磁盘
[ ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x494832b4
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 40916992 19.5G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 20971520 10G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-swap: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-root: 17.5 GiB, 18798870528 bytes, 36716544 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
4.把/dev/sda3更改成linux lvm卷(便于加入linux lvm然后空间加入根分区)
[ ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.26.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
To create more partitions, first replace a primary with an extended partition.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x494832b4
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 40916992 19.5G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 20971520 10G 83 Linux
Command (m for help): 3
3: unknown command
Command (m for help):
Command (m for help): m
Help:
DOS (MBR)
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit nested BSD disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
Generic
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
t change a partition type
v verify the partition table
Misc
m print this menu
u change display/entry units
x extra functionality (experts only)
Script
I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
Save & Exit
w write table to disk and exit
q quit without saving changes
Create a new label
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
o create a new empty DOS partition table
s create a new empty Sun partition table
Command (m for help): n
To create more partitions, first replace a primary with an extended partition.
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Partition type (type L to list all types): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Re-reading the partition table failed.: Device or resource busy
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8).
[ ~]# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 131M 948K 130M 1% /run
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /
tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot
tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0
5./dev/sda3已经成功更改为linux lvm卷
[ ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x494832b4
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 40916992 19.5G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 20971520 10G 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-swap: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-root: 17.5 GiB, 18798870528 bytes, 36716544 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[ ~]# df -T
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 124256 0 124256 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 133964 0 133964 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 133964 948 133016 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 133964 0 133964 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4 17938864 5447232 11557336 33% /
tmpfs tmpfs 133964 8 133956 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 ext4 487652 101297 356659 23% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 26796 0 26796 0% /run/user/0
[ ~]# df -TH
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 128M 0 128M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 138M 0 138M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 138M 971k 137M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 138M 0 138M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4 19G 5.6G 12G 33% /
tmpfs tmpfs 138M 8.2k 138M 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 ext4 500M 104M 366M 23% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 28M 0 28M 0% /run/user/0
[ ~]# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 131M 948K 130M 1% /run
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /
tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot
tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0
[ ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x494832b4
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 40916992 19.5G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 20971520 10G 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-swap: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-root: 17.5 GiB, 18798870528 bytes, 36716544 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[ ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.26.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x494832b4
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 40916992 19.5G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 20971520 10G 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): q
[ ~]# df -T
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 124256 0 124256 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 133964 0 133964 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 133964 948 133016 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 133964 0 133964 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4 17938864 5447232 11557336 33% /
tmpfs tmpfs 133964 8 133956 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 ext4 487652 101297 356659 23% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 26796 0 26796 0% /run/user/0
6.刷新分区
[ ~]# partprobe
7.格式化/dev/sda3为 ext4格式
[ ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3
mke2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
Creating filesystem with 2621440 4k blocks and 655360 inodes
Filesystem UUID: e9cdabd2-d211-4b20-ad89-176c845d56c5
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[ ~]# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 131M 952K 130M 1% /run
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /
tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot
tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0
[ ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root fedora -wi-ao---- 17.51g
swap fedora -wi-ao---- 2.00g
8.创建 Physical volume
[ ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sda3.
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
9.把/dev/sda3加入 fedora 组(系统根分区默认组)
[ ~]# vgextend fedora /dev/sda3
Volume group "fedora" successfully extended
[ ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name fedora
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 29.50 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 7553
Alloc PE / Size 4994 / 19.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 2559 / 10.00 GiB
VG UUID fsrCEu-vQgr-a0Xx-hiDy-S1QR-pW9Q-2ROFlQ
10.根分区扩展空间7.69G (命令出错)
[ ~]# lvextend -L +7.96G /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 /dev/sda3
Volume group "VolGroup00" not found
[ ~]# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 131M 952K 130M 1% /run
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /
tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot
tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0
11.根分区扩展空间10G (出错，可供扩展的空间不足)
[ ~]# lvextend -L +10G /dev/mapper/fedora-root /dev/sda3
Insufficient free space: 2560 extents needed, but only 2559 available
12.根分区扩展空间9.8G (成功)
[ ~]# lvextend -L +9.8G /dev/mapper/fedora-root /dev/sda3
Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 9.80 GiB
Size of logical volume fedora/root changed from 17.51 GiB (4482 extents) to 27.31 GiB (6991 extents).
Logical volume root successfully resized
[ ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Jul 4 17:58:53 2015
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/fedora-root / ext4 usrquota,grpquota 0 1
UUID=94aed458-ec42-4303-a893-c6effa398adc /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/fedora-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
~
~
~
~
[ ~]#
[ ~]#
[ ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/fedora-root
e2fsck 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
/dev/mapper/fedora-root is mounted.
e2fsck: Cannot continue, aborting.
[ ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/fedora
e2fsck 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
e2fsck: No such file or directory while trying to open /dev/mapper/fedora
Possibly non-existent device?
[ ~]# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 131M 952K 130M 1% /run
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /
tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot
tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0
13.文件系统重定义分区大小
[ ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/fedora-root
resize2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/fedora-root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 2
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/fedora-root is now 7158784 (4k) blocks long.
14.查看磁盘根目录空间已经成功扩展(18G变为27G)
[ ~]# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 131M 952K 130M 1% /run
tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root 27G 5.2G 21G 21% /
tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot
tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0
[ ~]#
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