linux磁盘分内存到目录,LINUX扩展根目录磁盘空间(LINUX LVM )

扩展目标分区前提:

扩展的分区必须要是linux lvm卷如下截图(分区/dev/sda1不可以扩展,分区/dev/sda2可以扩展)

viewspace-1981486

提示:决定linux lvm的因素是磁盘第一次分区时候选择的分区格式决定的。如下图列出了linux下支持的分区格式

viewspace-1981486

SSH Secure Shell 3.2.9 (Build 283)

Copyright (c) 2000-2003 SSH Communications Security Corp -

This copy of SSH Secure Shell is a non-commercial version.

This version does not include PKI and PKCS #11 functionality.

Last login: Fri Dec 18 15:51:53 2015 from 192.168.19.1

1.查看当前磁盘空间

[ ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 131M 948K 130M 1% /run

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /

tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp

/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot

tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0

[ ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 131M 948K 130M 1% /run

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /

tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp

/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot

tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0

[ ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x494832b4

Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type

/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 40916992 19.5G 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-swap: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-root: 17.5 GiB, 18798870528 bytes, 36716544 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[ ~]# pvdisplay

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sda2

VG Name fedora

PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB

Allocatable yes (but full)

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 4994

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 4994

PV UUID WX9LBx-nFSo-mVyM-3INs-T04v-lKg4-kXFiKk

[ ~]# pvcreate /dev/sd

Device /dev/sd not found (or ignored by filtering).

[ ~]# pvcreate /dev/sd*

Device /dev/sda not found (or ignored by filtering).

Can't open /dev/sda1 exclusively. Mounted filesystem?

Can't initialize physical volume "/dev/sda2" of volume group "fedora" without -ff

[ ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb

Device /dev/sdb not found (or ignored by filtering).

[ ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sda2

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sda2

VG Name fedora

PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB

Allocatable yes (but full)

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 4994

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 4994

PV UUID WX9LBx-nFSo-mVyM-3INs-T04v-lKg4-kXFiKk

[ ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sda3

Failed to find device for physical volume "/dev/sda3".

[ ~]# df -lh

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 131M 948K 130M 1% /run

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /

tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp

/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot

tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0

[ ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 131M 948K 130M 1% /run

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /

tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp

/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot

tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0

[ ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x494832b4

Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type

/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 40916992 19.5G 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-swap: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-root: 17.5 GiB, 18798870528 bytes, 36716544 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[ ~]# vgextend fedora /dev/sda2

Physical volume '/dev/sda2' is already in volume group 'fedora'

Unable to add physical volume '/dev/sda2' to volume group 'fedora'.

(这里要先添加磁盘分区)

viewspace-1981486

2.创建磁盘分区

[ ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.26.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help): m

Help:

DOS (MBR)

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit nested BSD disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

Generic

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

n add a new partition

p print the partition table

t change a partition type

v verify the partition table

Misc

m print this menu

u change display/entry units

x extra functionality (experts only)

Script

I load disk layout from sfdisk script file

O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file

Save & Exit

w write table to disk and exit

q quit without saving changes

Create a new label

g create a new empty GPT partition table

G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table

o create a new empty DOS partition table

s create a new empty Sun partition table

Command (m for help): n

Partition type

p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)

e extended (container for logical partitions)

Select (default p): p

Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3

First sector (41943040-62914559, default 41943040):

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (41943040-62914559, default 62914559):

Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux' and of size 10 GiB.

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered.

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Re-reading the partition table failed.: Device or resource busy

The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8).

[ ~]# df -lh

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 131M 948K 130M 1% /run

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /

tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp

/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot

tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0

3./dev/sda3即是新创建的磁盘

[ ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x494832b4

Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type

/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 40916992 19.5G 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 20971520 10G 83 Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-swap: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-root: 17.5 GiB, 18798870528 bytes, 36716544 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

4.把/dev/sda3更改成linux lvm卷(便于加入linux lvm然后空间加入根分区)

[ ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.26.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help): n

To create more partitions, first replace a primary with an extended partition.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x494832b4

Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type

/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 40916992 19.5G 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 20971520 10G 83 Linux

Command (m for help): 3

3: unknown command

Command (m for help):

Command (m for help): m

Help:

DOS (MBR)

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit nested BSD disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

Generic

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

n add a new partition

p print the partition table

t change a partition type

v verify the partition table

Misc

m print this menu

u change display/entry units

x extra functionality (experts only)

Script

I load disk layout from sfdisk script file

O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file

Save & Exit

w write table to disk and exit

q quit without saving changes

Create a new label

g create a new empty GPT partition table

G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table

o create a new empty DOS partition table

s create a new empty Sun partition table

Command (m for help): n

To create more partitions, first replace a primary with an extended partition.

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3

Partition type (type L to list all types): 8e

Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered.

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Re-reading the partition table failed.: Device or resource busy

The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8).

[ ~]# df -lh

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 131M 948K 130M 1% /run

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /

tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp

/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot

tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0

5./dev/sda3已经成功更改为linux lvm卷

[ ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x494832b4

Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type

/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 40916992 19.5G 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 20971520 10G 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-swap: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-root: 17.5 GiB, 18798870528 bytes, 36716544 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[ ~]# df -T

Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs devtmpfs 124256 0 124256 0% /dev

tmpfs tmpfs 133964 0 133964 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs tmpfs 133964 948 133016 1% /run

tmpfs tmpfs 133964 0 133964 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4 17938864 5447232 11557336 33% /

tmpfs tmpfs 133964 8 133956 1% /tmp

/dev/sda1 ext4 487652 101297 356659 23% /boot

tmpfs tmpfs 26796 0 26796 0% /run/user/0

[ ~]# df -TH

Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs devtmpfs 128M 0 128M 0% /dev

tmpfs tmpfs 138M 0 138M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs tmpfs 138M 971k 137M 1% /run

tmpfs tmpfs 138M 0 138M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4 19G 5.6G 12G 33% /

tmpfs tmpfs 138M 8.2k 138M 1% /tmp

/dev/sda1 ext4 500M 104M 366M 23% /boot

tmpfs tmpfs 28M 0 28M 0% /run/user/0

[ ~]# df -lh

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 131M 948K 130M 1% /run

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /

tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp

/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot

tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0

[ ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x494832b4

Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type

/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 40916992 19.5G 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 20971520 10G 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-swap: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-root: 17.5 GiB, 18798870528 bytes, 36716544 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[ ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.26.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disklabel type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x494832b4

Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type

/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 1026048 41943039 40916992 19.5G 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 20971520 10G 8e Linux LVM

Command (m for help): q

[ ~]# df -T

Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs devtmpfs 124256 0 124256 0% /dev

tmpfs tmpfs 133964 0 133964 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs tmpfs 133964 948 133016 1% /run

tmpfs tmpfs 133964 0 133964 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/fedora-root ext4 17938864 5447232 11557336 33% /

tmpfs tmpfs 133964 8 133956 1% /tmp

/dev/sda1 ext4 487652 101297 356659 23% /boot

tmpfs tmpfs 26796 0 26796 0% /run/user/0

6.刷新分区

[ ~]# partprobe

7.格式化/dev/sda3为 ext4格式

[ ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3

mke2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)

Creating filesystem with 2621440 4k blocks and 655360 inodes

Filesystem UUID: e9cdabd2-d211-4b20-ad89-176c845d56c5

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Allocating group tables: done

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[ ~]# df -lh

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 131M 952K 130M 1% /run

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /

tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp

/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot

tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0

[ ~]# lvs

LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert

root fedora -wi-ao---- 17.51g

swap fedora -wi-ao---- 2.00g

8.创建 Physical volume

[ ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3

WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y

Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sda3.

Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created

9.把/dev/sda3加入 fedora 组(系统根分区默认组)

[ ~]# vgextend fedora /dev/sda3

Volume group "fedora" successfully extended

[ ~]# vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name fedora

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 2

Metadata Sequence No 4

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 2

Open LV 2

Max PV 0

Cur PV 2

Act PV 2

VG Size 29.50 GiB

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 7553

Alloc PE / Size 4994 / 19.51 GiB

Free PE / Size 2559 / 10.00 GiB

VG UUID fsrCEu-vQgr-a0Xx-hiDy-S1QR-pW9Q-2ROFlQ

10.根分区扩展空间7.69G (命令出错)

[ ~]# lvextend -L +7.96G /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 /dev/sda3

Volume group "VolGroup00" not found

[ ~]# df -lh

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 131M 952K 130M 1% /run

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /

tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp

/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot

tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0

11.根分区扩展空间10G (出错,可供扩展的空间不足)

[ ~]# lvextend -L +10G /dev/mapper/fedora-root /dev/sda3

Insufficient free space: 2560 extents needed, but only 2559 available

12.根分区扩展空间9.8G (成功)

[ ~]# lvextend -L +9.8G /dev/mapper/fedora-root /dev/sda3

Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 9.80 GiB

Size of logical volume fedora/root changed from 17.51 GiB (4482 extents) to 27.31 GiB (6991 extents).

Logical volume root successfully resized

[ ~]# vim /etc/fstab

#

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Sat Jul 4 17:58:53 2015

#

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

#

/dev/mapper/fedora-root / ext4 usrquota,grpquota 0 1

UUID=94aed458-ec42-4303-a893-c6effa398adc /boot ext4 defaults 1 2

/dev/mapper/fedora-swap swap swap defaults 0 0

~

~

~

~

[ ~]#

[ ~]#

[ ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/fedora-root

e2fsck 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)

/dev/mapper/fedora-root is mounted.

e2fsck: Cannot continue, aborting.

[ ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/fedora

e2fsck 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)

e2fsck: No such file or directory while trying to open /dev/mapper/fedora

Possibly non-existent device?

[ ~]# df -lh

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 131M 952K 130M 1% /run

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/fedora-root 18G 5.2G 12G 33% /

tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp

/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot

tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0

13.文件系统重定义分区大小

[ ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/fedora-root

resize2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)

Filesystem at /dev/mapper/fedora-root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required

old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 2

The filesystem on /dev/mapper/fedora-root is now 7158784 (4k) blocks long.

14.查看磁盘根目录空间已经成功扩展(18G变为27G)

[ ~]# df -lh

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs 122M 0 122M 0% /dev

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 131M 952K 130M 1% /run

tmpfs 131M 0 131M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/fedora-root 27G 5.2G 21G 21% /

tmpfs 131M 8.0K 131M 1% /tmp

/dev/sda1 477M 99M 349M 23% /boot

tmpfs 27M 0 27M 0% /run/user/0

[ ~]#

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