VMware下的Linux扩展磁盘空间

VMware下的Linux扩展磁盘空间

业务场景

本文以 VMware® Workstation 15 Pro -15.5.6 build-16341506+ CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)为测试机，本文为扩展原有硬盘空间，如需增加新硬盘请参考 链接: VMware下的Linux扩展磁盘空间（增加全新的硬盘空间）

 操作流程

一、VMware 加内存
如下图所示，此时可以看到虚拟机硬盘目前为25G，点击编辑虚拟机设置，进入虚拟机设置界面。

 分别按下图步骤点击硬盘→扩展→扩展内存→扩展→确定。

 硬盘扩展成功后，须要在客户机（即Linux虚拟机）上进行分区硬盘和扩展文件系统。

二 、linux操作
查看磁盘空间信息：
执行fdisk -l查看当前的系统的磁盘空间的情况：

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c591b

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    41943039    19921920   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

增加分区：
执行 fdisk /dev/sda
键入 n，增加一个分区，得到：
键入 p，主分区，并键入3（编号）：
默认起始扇区和结束扇区即可(键入两次Enter) 键入t，
修改分区类型为8e
键入w，写分区表

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 
First sector (41943040-104857599, default 41943040): 
Using default value 41943040
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41943040-104857599, default 104857599): 
Using default value 104857599
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 30 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

检查分区：
执行  fdisk -l

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c591b

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    41943039    19921920   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

发现此时/dev/sda空间已经扩大,执行reboot重启

初始化分区,加入卷组
卷扩容,添加进LVM组
执行pvcreate /dev/sda3 初始化刚才的分区

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: dos signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 510. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping dos signature on /dev/sda3.
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.

查看卷组,并将初始化的分区加入到虚拟卷组
执行vgdisplay 查看卷组信息

[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos          #卷组名称
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <19.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4863
  Alloc PE / Size       4863 / <19.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               hCBaNk-KEkz-SKvR-gRP2-btG9-KqhR-BKtfTX

为卷组centos添加新的物理卷sda3增加卷组的容量
执行 vgextend centos /dev/sda3

[root@localhost ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended

扩展逻辑卷的大小（追加磁盘空间的过程）
执行 lvextend -L +30G /dev/mapper/centos-root

注： /dev/mapper/centos-root 这个可以在linux中的df -h中看到，根据要扩展的具体逻辑卷的名称决定 ↩︎

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +30G /dev/mapper/centos-root
  Insufficient free space: 7680 extents needed, but only 7679 available
#此处提示 available 不足，没有去研究具体问题，直接执行下步操作，
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +29.9G /dev/mapper/centos-root
  Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 29.90 GiB.
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <17.00 GiB (4351 extents) to <46.90 GiB (12006 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.

最后使用·resizefs2·命令重新加载逻辑卷的大小才能生效
resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-root

[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-root
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/mapper/centos-root
Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.

若执行这上一步有尝试打开 /dev/mapper/centos-root 找不到有效的文件系统超级块的报错的时候，需要使用的是 xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root

[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1113856 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=4455424, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4455424 to 12294144

ok,看空间去吧。