awk [选项参数] 'script' var=value file(s)
或
awk [选项参数] -f scriptfile var=value file(s)
-F fs or --field-separator fs
指定输入文件折分隔符,fs是一个字符串或者是一个正则表达式,如-F:。
-v var=value or --asign var=value
赋值一个用户定义变量。
-f scripfile or --file scriptfile
从脚本文件中读取awk命令。
-mf nnn and -mr nnn
对nnn值设置内在限制,-mf选项限制分配给nnn的最大块数目;-mr选项限制记录的最大数目。这两个功能是Bell实验室版awk的扩展功能,在标准awk中不适用。
-W compact or --compat, -W traditional or --traditional
在兼容模式下运行awk。所以gawk的行为和标准的awk完全一样,所有的awk扩展都被忽略。
-W copyleft or --copyleft, -W copyright or --copyright
打印简短的版权信息。
-W help or --help, -W usage or --usage
打印全部awk选项和每个选项的简短说明。
-W lint or --lint
打印不能向传统unix平台移植的结构的警告。
-W lint-old or --lint-old
打印关于不能向传统unix平台移植的结构的警告。
-W posix
打开兼容模式。但有以下限制,不识别:/x、函数关键字、func、换码序列以及当fs是一个空格时,将新行作为一个域分隔符;操作符**和**=不能代替^和^=;fflush无效。
-W re-interval or --re-inerval
允许间隔正则表达式的使用,参考(grep中的Posix字符类),如括号表达式[[:alpha:]]。
-W source program-text or --source program-text
使用program-text作为源代码,可与-f命令混用。
-W version or --version
打印bug报告信息的版本。
2 this is a test
3 Are you like awk
5 www.xttblog.com,业余草
This's a test
10 There are orange,apple,mongo
$ awk -F, '{print $1,$2}' xttblog.txt
2 this is a test
3 Are you like awk
5 www.xttblog.com 业余草
This's a test
10 There are orange apple
$ awk 'BEGIN{FS=","} {print $1,$2}' xttblog.txt
2 this is a test
3 Are you like awk
5 www.xttblog.com 业余草
This's a test
10 There are orange apple
$ awk -F '[ ,]' '{print $1,$2,$5}' xttblog.txt
2 this test
3 Are awk
5 www.xttblog.com
This's a
10 There apple
$ awk -v a=1 '{print $1,$1+a}' xttblog.txt
2 3
3 4
5 6
This's 1
10 11
$ awk -v a=1 -v b=s '{print $1,$1+a,$1b}' xttblog.txt
2 3 2s
3 4 3s
5 6 5s
This's 1 This'ss
10 11 10s
$ awk '$1>2' xttblog.txt
3 Are you like awk
5 www.xttblog.com,业余草
This's a test
10 There are orange,apple,mongo
$ awk '$1==2 {print $1,$3}' xttblog.txt
2 is
$ awk '$1>2 && $2=="Are" {print $1,$2,$3}' xttblog.txt
3 Are you
$ awk 'BEGIN{printf "%4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s\n","FILENAME","ARGC","FNR","FS","NF","NR","OFS","ORS","RS";printf "---------------------------------------------\n"} {printf "%4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s\n",FILENAME,ARGC,FNR,FS,NF,NR,OFS,ORS,RS}' xttblog.txt
FILENAME ARGC FNR FS NF NR OFS ORS RS
---------------------------------------------
xttblog.txt 2 1 5 1
xttblog.txt 2 2 5 2
xttblog.txt 2 3 2 3
xttblog.txt 2 4 3 4
xttblog.txt 2 5 4 5
$ awk '{print NR,FNR,$1,$2,$3}' xttblog.txt
1 1 2 this is
2 2 3 Are you
3 3 5 www.xttblog.com,业余草
4 4 This's a test
5 5 10 There are
$ awk '{print $1,$2,$5}' OFS=" $ " xttblog.txt
2 $ this $ test
3 $ Are $ awk
5 $ www.xttblog.com,业余草 $
This's $ a $
10 $ There $
$ awk '$2 ~ /th/ {print $2,$4}' xttblog.txt
this a
$ awk '/,/ ' xttblog.txt
5 www.xttblog.com,业余草
10 There are orange,apple,mongo
$ awk 'BEGIN{IGNORECASE=1} /this/' xttblog.txt
2 this is a test
$ awk '$2 !~ /th/ {print $2,$4}' xttblog.txt
Are like
www.xttblog.com,业余草
a
There orange,apple,mongo
$ awk '!/th/ {print $2,$4}' xttblog.txt
Are like
www.xttblog.com,业余草
a
There orange,apple,mongo
BEGIN{ 这里面放的是执行前的语句 }
END {这里面放的是处理完所有的行后要执行的语句 }
{这里面放的是处理每一行时要执行的语句
#!/bin/awk -f
#运行前
BEGIN {
math = 0
english = 0
computer = 0
printf "NAME NO. MATH ENGLISH COMPUTER TOTAL\n"
printf "---------------------------------------------\n"
}
#运行中
{
math+=$3
english+=$4
computer+=$5
printf "%-6s %-6s %4d %8d %8d %8d\n", $1, $2, $3,$4,$5, $3+$4+$5
}
#运行后
END {
printf "---------------------------------------------\n"
printf " TOTAL:%10d %8d %8d \n", math, english, computer
printf "AVERAGE:%10.2f %8.2f %8.2f\n", math/NR, english/NR, computer/NR
}
echo | awk '{print "Hello,World!"}'
echo | awk 'BEGIN {print "Hello,World!"}'
awk 'BEGIN {print "Hello,World!"}'
echo "hello world" | awk '{print}'