@Target:用于确定被修饰的自定义注解 使用位置
ElementType.TYPE 修饰 类、接口
ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR:修饰构造
ElementType.METHOD:修饰方法
ElementType.FIELD:修饰字段
ElementType.PARAMETER:修饰参数
ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE:修饰局部变量
ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE:修饰注解
ElementType.PACKAGE:修饰包
package anno;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE;
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.Inherited;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target({METHOD,TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Inherited
@Documented
public @interface JDBCConfig {
String ip();
int port() default 3306;
String database();
String encoding();
String loginName();
String password();
}
@Retention:用于确定被修饰的自定义注解生命周期
RetentionPolicy.SOURCE: 被修饰的注解只能在源码中存在,编译成 字节码 class 没有。如:@Override
RetentionPolicy.CLASS : 被修饰的注解只能存在源码和字节码中,运行时内存中没有。
RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME :被修饰的注解运行之后依然存在,程序可以通过反射获取这些信息。
package anno;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE;
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.Inherited;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target({METHOD,TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Inherited
@Documented
public @interface JDBCConfig {
String ip();
int port() default 3306;
String database();
String encoding();
String loginName();
String password();
}
@Inherited:表示该注解具有继承性(了解)
package util;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import anno.JDBCConfig;
public class DBUtilChild extends DBUtil {
public static Connection getConnection2() throws SQLException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
JDBCConfig config = DBUtilChild.class.getAnnotation(JDBCConfig.class);
String ip = config.ip();
int port = config.port();
String database = config.database();
String encoding = config.encoding();
String loginName = config.loginName();
String password = config.password();
String url = String.format("jdbc:mysql://%s:%d/%s?characterEncoding=%s", ip, port, database, encoding);
return DriverManager.getConnection(url, loginName, password);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, SQLException {
Connection c = getConnection2();
System.out.println(c);
}
}
@Documented:使用 javadoc 生成 api 文档时,是否包含此注解 (了解)
@Repeatable:注解在同一个位置,只能出现一次。使用@Repeatable,可以在同一个地方使用多次了。
package util;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import anno.JDBCConfig;
@JDBCConfig(ip = "127.0.0.1", database = "test", encoding = "UTF-8", loginName = "root", password = "admin")
@JDBCConfig(ip = "127.0.0.1", database = "test", encoding = "UTF-8", loginName = "root", password = "admin")
public class DBUtil {
static {
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
JDBCConfig config = DBUtil.class.getAnnotation(JDBCConfig.class);
System.out.println(config);
String ip = config.ip();
int port = config.port();
String database = config.database();
String encoding = config.encoding();
String loginName = config.loginName();
String password = config.password();
String url = String.format("jdbc:mysql://%s:%d/%s?characterEncoding=%s", ip, port, database, encoding);
return DriverManager.getConnection(url, loginName, password);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, SQLException {
Connection c = getConnection();
System.out.println(c);
}
}