python web自动化测试_基于Python的Web自动化测试

这篇文章主要介绍基于Python的Selenium的WebDriver组件的使用。

1. 安装Python

点击这里下载安装包

2. 安装Selenium

安装好Python后，可以使用管道安装Selenium。1python -m pip install Selenium

3. 安装WebDriver

可以使用下面的示例代码去验证Driver是否安装成功。1

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12from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

driver = webdriver.Firefox() # 根据使用的Driver去调用，如Chrome()、Edge()、Safari()。

driver.get("https://www.python.org")

assert "Python" in driver.title

elem = driver.find_element_by_name("q")

elem.clear()

elem.send_keys("pycon")

elem.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)

assert "No results found." not in driver.page_source

driver.close()执行脚本一定要在命令行中去执行，不然会提示找不到Driver。

开始学习

初次使用1

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76# Navigating

driver.get("https://www.google.com")

# Interactiong with the page

# with html node “”

element = driver.find_element_by_id("passwd-id")

element = driver.find_element_by_name("passwd")

element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='passwd-id']")

element.send_keys("some text") # 在选中文本域中输入文本。

element.send_keys(" and some", Keys.ARROW_DOWN) # 输入文本并按下鼠标。

element.clear() # 清楚选中文本域的内容。

# Filling in forms

element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//select[@name='name']")

all_options = element.find_elements_by_tag_name("option")

for option in all_options:

print("Value is: %s" % option.get_attribute("value"))

option.click()

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

select = Select(driver.find_element_by_name('name'))

select.select_by_index(index)

select.select_by_visible_text("text")

select.select_by_value(value)

select = Select(driver.find_element_by_id('id'))

select.deselect_all()

select = Select(driver.find_element_by_xpath("xpath"))

all_selected_options = select.all_selected_options

options = select.options

# Assume the button has the ID "submit" :)

driver.find_element_by_id("submit").click()

element.submit()

# Drag and drop

element = driver.find_element_by_name("source")

target = driver.find_element_by_name("target")

from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains

action_chains = ActionChains(driver)

action_chains.drag_and_drop(element, target).perform()

# Moving between windows and frames

driver.switch_to_window("windowName")

for handle in driver.window_handles:

driver.switch_to_window(handle)

driver.switch_to_frame("frameName")

driver.switch_to_frame("frameName.0.child")

driver.switch_to_default_content()

# Popup dialogs

alert = driver.switch_to_alert()

# Navigation: history and location

driver.get("http://www.example.com")

driver.forward()

driver.back()

# Cookies

# Go to the correct domain

driver.get("http://www.example.com")

# Now set the cookie. This one's valid for the entire domai

cookie = {'name':'foo', 'value':'bar'}

driver.add_cookie(cookie)

# And now output all the available cookies for the current URL

driver.get_cookies()

进一步使用

定位页面元素

一种方式是通过特定元素的API去查询。(Public Methods)find_element_by_id # id号是唯一的，返回的元素要么为空，要么只有一个。

find_element_by_name # 存在多个。

find_element_by_xpath # 存在多个。

find_element_by_link_text # 存在多个。

find_element_by_partial_link_text # 存在多个。

find_element_by_tag_name # 存在多个。

find_element_by_class_name # 存在多个。

find_element_by_css_selector # 存在多个。当未查询到相应元素时，会抛出异常 NoSuchElementException

一种方式是通过By去查询。(Private Methods)1

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4from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//button[text()="Some text"]')

driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, '//button')

By的属性包含：1

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8ID = "id"

XPATH = "xpath"

LINK_TEXT = "link text"

PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT = "partial link text"

NAME = "name"

TAG_NAME = "tag name"

CLASS_NAME = "class name"

CSS_SELECTOR = "css selector"

id和name不做过多说明。

XPath

以下面这个html页面为例，讲述XPath的使用方式。1

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10login_form = driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/form[1]") # Absolute path

login_form = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[1]") # First form element in the HTML

login_form = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[@id='loginForm']") # The form element with attribute named id and the value loginForm

username = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[[email protected]='username']")

username = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[@id='loginForm']/input[1]")

username = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@name='username']")

clear_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@name='continue'][@type='button']")

clear_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[@id='loginForm']/input[4]")

(Partial) Link Text1

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Are you sure you want to do this?

Continue

Cancel

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2continue_link = driver.find_element_by_link_text('Continue')

continue_link = driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('Conti')

Tag Name1

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Welcome

Site content goes here.

1heading1 = driver.find_element_by_tag_name('h1')

Class Name1

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Site content goes here.

1content = driver.find_element_by_class_name('content')

CSS Selectors1

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Site content goes here.

1content = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('p.content')

等待

显式等待(Explicit Waits)1

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13from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait

from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

driver = webdriver.Firefox()

driver.get("http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading")

try:

element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(

EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "myDynamicElement"))

)

finally:

driver.quit()

隐式等待(Implicit Waits)

参考文档