python函数做n_Pythonn 内置函数

abs 绝对值

n = abs(-1)print(n)=========================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test1.py1Process finished with exit code 0

abs 实例

all  所有为真，才为真

any 只要有真，就为真

n = all([1,2,3,4])print(n)

n= all([0,2,3,4])print(n)

n= any([[],1,"",None])print(n)

n= any([[],0,"",None])print(n)============================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test1.py

True

False

True

False

Process finished with exit code 0

all any 实例

bool 值(0,None,"",[]......)

print(bool())===============================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test1.py

False

Process finished with exit code 0

bool值，实例

ascii 自动执行对象 _repr_ 方式

classFoo:def __repr__(self):return "444"n=ascii(Foo())print(n)========================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test1.py444Process finished with exit code 0

ascii 实例

bin() 将10进制转换成2进制

oct() 将10进制转换成8进制

hex() 将10进制转换成16进制

print(bin(5))print(oct(9))print(hex(15))========================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test1.py

0b101

0o110xfProcess finished with exit code 0

bin oct hex 实例

callable 查看函数是否可以被调用

deff1():passf2= 123

print(callable(f1))print(callable(f2))=====================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test1.py

0b101

0o110xfProcess finished with exit code 0

callable 实例

chr 将数字转换成字母

ord 将字母转换成数字

r = chr(65)print(r)

n= ord('A')print(n)======================================r= chr(65)print(r)

n= ord('A')print(n)

chr ord 实例

引入random 模块，制作随机验证码(字母随机验证码)，每次切换都有不同的效果importrandom

li=[]for i in range(6):

temp= random.randrange(65,91)

c=chr(temp)

li.append(c)#li = ["c","b","a"]#cba

result = "".join(li)print(result)==========================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py

MFRAID

Process finished with exit code 0

随机验证码 1(字母)

importrandom

li=[]for i in range(6):if i == 2 or i == 4:

num= random.randrange(0,10)

li.append(str(num))else:

temp= random.randrange(65,91)

c=chr(temp)

li.append(c)

result= ''.join(li)print(result)=========================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py

YY7X4V

Process finished with exit code 0

随机验证码 2(有序插入数字)

importrandom

li=[]for i in range(6):

r= random.randrange(0,5)if r == 2 or r == 4:

num= random.randrange(0,10)

li.append(str(num))else:

temp= random.randrange(65,91)

c=chr(temp)

li.append(c)

result= ''.join(li)print(result)==============================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py

VF95VR

Process finished with exit code 0

随机验证码 3(所有字母及数字都无序)

compile() 将字符串编译成python代码

eval() 执行表达式，并返回值

exec() 执行python代码，接受代码或者是字符串(没有返回值)

s = 'print(123)'

#编译 single,eval,exec

r = compile(s,"","exec")#执行python代码

exec(r)=============================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py123Process finished with exit code 0

compile exec 配合使用

s = '8*8'ret=eval(s)print(ret)=================================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py64Process finished with exit code 0

eval 使用

dir 快速获取一个对象提供了什么功能

help 同dir功能一样，区别在于help可以列出使用详情

print(dir(list))========================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py

['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']

Process finished with exit code 0

dir 实例

help(list)=================================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py

Help onclass list inmodule builtins:classlist(object)| list() ->new empty list| list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items

|

|Methods defined here:|

| __add__(self, value, /)| Return self+value.|

| __contains__(self, key, /)| Return key inself.|

| __delitem__(self, key, /)|Delete self[key].|

| __eq__(self, value, /)| Return self==value.|

| __ge__(self, value, /)| Return self>=value.|

| __getattribute__(self, name, /)|Return getattr(self, name).|

| __getitem__(...)| x.__getitem__(y) <==>x[y]|

| __gt__(self, value, /)| Return self>value.|

| __iadd__(self, value, /)| Implement self+=value.|

| __imul__(self, value, /)| Implement self*=value.|

| __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs)| Initialize self. See help(type(self)) foraccurate signature.|

| __iter__(self, /)|Implement iter(self).|

| __le__(self, value, /)| Return self<=value.|

| __len__(self, /)|Return len(self).|

| __lt__(self, value, /)| Return self

| __mul__(self, value, /)| Return self*value.n|

| __ne__(self, value, /)| Return self!=value.|

| __new__(*args, **kwargs) frombuiltins.type| Create and return a new object. See help(type) foraccurate signature.|

| __repr__(self, /)|Return repr(self).|

| __reversed__(...)| L.__reversed__() -- returna reverse iterator over the list|

| __rmul__(self, value, /)| Return self*value.|

| __setitem__(self, key, value, /)|Set self[key] to value.|

| __sizeof__(...)| L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, inbytes|

|append(...)| L.append(object) -> None --append object to end|

|clear(...)| L.clear() -> None -- remove all items fromL|

|copy(...)| L.copy() -> list --a shallow copy of L|

|count(...)| L.count(value) -> integer -- returnnumber of occurrences of value|

|extend(...)| L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements fromthe iterable|

|index(...)| L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- returnfirst index of value.| Raises ValueError if the value is notpresent.|

|insert(...)| L.insert(index, object) --insert object before index|

|pop(...)| L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and returnitem at index (default last).| Raises IndexError if list is empty or index isout of range.|

|remove(...)| L.remove(value) -> None --remove first occurrence of value.| Raises ValueError if the value is notpresent.|

|reverse(...)| L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE*

|

|sort(...)| L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE*

|

| ----------------------------------------------------------------------

| Data andother attributes defined here:|

| __hash__ =None

Process finished with exit code 0

help 实例

divmod 自动求出商  余数

r = divmod(97,10)print(r)

n1,n2= divmod(97,10)=============================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py

(9, 7)

Process finished with exit code 0

divmod 实例

isinstance 判断对象是否是类的实例

s = 'liangml'r=isinstance(s,str)print(r)========================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py

True {"k1":"v1"} {'k1': 'v1'}

Process finished with exit code 0

isinstance 实例

filter  map(函数可迭代对象)

两者区别

filter：函数返回True，将元素添加到结果中

map:将函数返回值添加到结果中

filter 函数讲解deff1(args):

result=[]for item inargs:if item > 22:

result.append(item)returnresult

li= [11,22,33,44,55]

ret=f1(li)print(ret)===============================================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py

[33, 44, 55]

Process finished with exit code 0+++++++++++通过lambda表达式也可以实现相同的功能(自动return)+++++++++f1= lambda a: a >30ret=f1(90)print(ret)

li= [11,22,33,44,55]

result= filter(lambda a: a > 33,li)print(list(result))=========================运行结果===========================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py

True

[44, 55]

Process finished with exit code 0

filter 函数运行原理deff2(a):if a>22:returnTrue

li= [11,22,33,44,55]#result = []#for item in 第二个参数(参数)#r = 第一个参数(item)#if r:#result(item)#return result#fileter,循环第二个参数，让每个循环元素执行函数，如果函数返回值Ture，表示元素合法

ret =filter(f2,li)print(list(ret))

map 函数讲解(函数可以使用for循环)===================for循环实例==========================li= [11,22,33,44,55]deff1(args):

result=[]for i inargs:

result.append(100+i)returnresult

r=f1(li)print(r)====================运行结果=============================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py

[111, 122, 133, 144, 155]

Process finished with exit code 0====================设定函数运行===========================

deff2(a):return a + 100result=map(f2,li)print(list(result))++++++++++++++++++++运行结果+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py

[111, 122, 133, 144, 155]

Process finished with exit code 0===================也可以使用lambda表达式来实现==============result= map(lambda a: a+200,li)print(list(result))++++++++++++++++++++运行结果+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py

[211, 222, 233, 244, 255]

Process finished with exit code 0

filter map 实例

float 把一个数转换成浮点型

frozenset 集合set set基础上不可变的集合

globals　所有的全局变量/locals 所有的局部变量

NAME = "liangml"

defshow():

a= 123

print(locals())print(globals())

show()

globals locals 实例

hash 将某一个类型的数据转换成hash值

s = 'hhh123123123'

print(hash(s))=============运行结果=====================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py105733462617069300Process finished with exit code 0

hash 实例

len 查看某个字符串的长度

s = '梁孟麟'b= bytes(s,encoding='utf-8')print(len(s))print(len(b))========================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py3

9Process finished with exit code 0

len 实例

max() 求最大值/min() 求最小值/num() 求和/pow 求次方

q = max(2,10)

w= min(2,10)

e= sum([],10)

r= pow(2,10)print(q)print(w)print(e)print(r)========================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py10

2

10

1024Process finished with exit code 0

max/min/sum/pow 实例

round 四舍五入

r = round(1,4)print(r)============================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py1Process finished with exit code 0

round 实例

slice() 切片功能

s = 'ssssssssssss'

print(s[0:2])================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py

ss

Process finished with exit code 0

slice 实例

sorted 排序

li = [11,2,1,1]

r1=li.sort()

r2=sorted(li)print(r1)print(r2)===============================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py

None

[1, 1, 2, 11]

Process finished with exit code 0

sorted 实例

zip 压缩分类元素

l1 = ['liangml',11,22,33]

l2= ['is',11,22,33]

l3= ['nb',11,22,33]

r=zip(l1,l2,l3)print(list(r))============================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py

[('liangml', 'is', 'nb'), (11, 11, 11), (22, 22, 22), (33, 33, 33)]

Process finished with exit code 0

json将字符串转换成Python的基本数据类型,{},[],注意：字符串形式的字典{"k1":"v1"}内部的字符串必须是双引号

s = "[11,22,33,44,55]"s= '{"k1":"v1"}'

print(type(s),s)importjson

n=json.loads(s)print(type(n),n)=============================================

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/liangml/pythonscript/test.py {"k1":"v1"} {'k1': 'v1'}

Process finished with exit code 0

json 实例