mysql的replication_MySQL Replication配置

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MySQL Replication配置

一、MySQL主从介绍

MySQL主从又叫做Replication、AB复制。简单讲就是A和B两台机器做主从后，在A上写数据，另外一台B也会跟着写数据，两者数据实时同步；

MySQL主从是基于binlog的，主上须开启binlog才能进行主从；

主从过程大致有3个步骤：

1)主将更改操作记录到binlog里

2)从将主的binlog事件(sql语句)同步到从本机上并记录在relaylog里

3)从根据relaylog里面的sql语句按顺序执行

主上有一个log

dump线程，用来和从的I/O线程传递binlong；

从上有两个线程，其中I/O线程用来同步主的binlog并生成relaylog，另外一个sql线程用来把relaylog里面的sql语句落地。

原理图

二、mysql编译安装：

cd /usr/local/src

wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

tar zxvf mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

mv mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

cd /usr/local/mysql

useradd mysql

mkdir -p /data/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

运行出现两个OK后

cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

vim /etc/my.cnf

basedir =/usr/local/mysql

datadir =/data/mysql

port =3306

server_id =128

socket =/tmp/mysql.sock

log_bin=xavilinux01

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

:wq

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

正常操作是没有问题，但是也发现了错误

[root@xavilinux mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

-bash: ./scripts/mysql_install_db: No such file or directory

这个问题处理了很久，没有思路，左后想起查看下当前的mysql路径下有哪些文件，才找到错误的地方是里面的srcipts目录，是自己创建的，里面是空的

[root@xavilinux mysql]# ls

scripts

[root@xavilinux mysql]# cd /usr/local/src

[root@xavilinux src]# ls

mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz nginx-1.12.1

[root@xavilinux src]# tar zxvf mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

tar (child): mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz: Cannot open: No such file or directory

tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now

tar: Child returned status 2

tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now

[root@xavilinux src]# cd /usr/local/mysql

[root@xavilinux mysql]# ls

bin COPYING data docs include lib man mysql-test README scripts share sql-bench support-files

再次报错：

[root@xavilinux mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

原因：缺少libaio库文件

解决方法：yum install libaio* -y

在两台服务器上完成了mysql的安装和配置

vim /etc/my.cnf

vim /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@xavilinux ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 46: /usr/local/mysql: Is a directory

/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 47: /data/mysql: Is a directory

Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/xavilinux.err'.

[ OK ]

出现mysql无法启动，报错的情况

1.有可能开了java别的服务占用端口，lsof -i :80查看端口情况，将占用的服务关闭

[root@xavi ~]# lsof -i :80

COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

2. 从错误日志入手看下报错原因

[root@xavi ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Starting MySQL... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/xavi.pid).

[root@xavi ~]# ls -l /data/mysql

总用量 110720

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 56 3月 13 22:17 auto.cnf

drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 20 3月 23 22:17 db2

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 4月 6 15:53 ibdata1

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 4月 6 15:53 ib_logfile0

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 3月 13 22:11 ib_logfile1

drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 3月 13 22:11 mysql

drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 3月 24 09:55 mysql2

drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 3月 13 22:11 performance_schema

drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 6 3月 13 22:11 test

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 114094 4月 6 15:53 xavi.err

drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 324 3月 31 15:49 zrlog

查看错误日志

[root@xavi mysql]# tail xavi.err

2018-04-06 16:08:43 7318 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'CSV'

2018-04-06 16:08:43 7318 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MEMORY'

2018-04-06 16:08:43 7318 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MyISAM'

2018-04-06 16:08:43 7318 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MRG_MYISAM'

2018-04-06 16:08:43 7318 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'sha256_password'

2018-04-06 16:08:43 7318 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_old_password'

2018-04-06 16:08:43 7318 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_native_password'

2018-04-06 16:08:43 7318 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'binlog'

2018-04-06 16:08:43 7318 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete

[root@xavi mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

## 三、配置主机

### 3.1 修改my.cnf，增加server-id=130和log_bin=xavilinux1


[mysqld]

datadir=/data/mysql

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

symbolic-links=0

server_id =130

log_bin=xavilinux

### 3.2 修改完配置文件后，启动或者重启mysqld服务

[root@xavi ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[root@xavi ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!

Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

* 生成了两个重要文件，前缀名为xavilinux1，这是实现主从的根本。000001是二进制日志文件，index是索引。


### 3.3 备份之前blog的所有的数据(测试用)

[root@xavi mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -pxavilinux blog > /tmp/blog.sql

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

[root@xavi mysql]# du -sh /tmp/blog.sql

4.0K /tmp/blog.sql

### 3.4 创建一个新库把之前的备份数据恢复

[root@xavi mysql]# mysql -uroot -pxavilinux -e "create database xavi"

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

[root@xavi mysql]# mysql -uroot -pxavilinux xavi < /tmp/blog.sql

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

### 3.5 创建用作同步数据的用户

[root@xavi mysql]# mysql -uroot -pxavilinux

mysql> grant replication slave on . to 'repl'@'192.168.72.133' identified by 'xavilinux111'; //密码是主机登入密码？？

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#### 把数据表锁住，不在往里面写数据

mysql> flush tables with read lock;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;

+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| xavilinux1.000001 | 732 | | | |

+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

### 3.6 备份下/data/mysql下的部分目录，但mysql不需要备份，无法主从同步，里面包含了账户密码等信息

cd /data/mysql

[root@xavi mysql]# ls

auto.cnf db2 ib_logfile0 mysql performance_schema xavi xavilinux1.000001 xavi.pid

blog ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql2 test xavi.err xavilinux1.index zrlog

[root@xavi mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -pxavilinux mysql2 > /tmp/my2.sql

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

[root@xavi mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -pxavilinux zrlog > /tmp/zrlog.sql

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

## 四、配置从机

### 4.1 编辑配置文件，并重启MySQL服务


[root@xavilinux mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf

basedir =/usr/local/mysql

datadir =/data/mysql

port =3306

server_id = .....

socket =/tmp/mysql.sock

server_id=133

[root@xavi-002 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@xavi-002 mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/data/mysql

[root@xavilinux mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

Shutting down MySQL.. [ OK ]

Starting MySQL. [ OK ]

### 4.2 查看从机下有哪些内容,把主机上所有mysql文件远程复制过来scp

[root@xavi-002 ~]# ls /data/mysql

auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql test xavi-002.pid

ibdata1 ib_logfile1 performance_schema xavi-002.err

[root@xavi-002 ~]# scp 192.168.72.130:/tmp/*.sql /tmp/

root@192.168.72.130's password:

Permission denied, please try again.

root@192.168.72.130's password:

blog.sql 100% 1258 1.2KB/s 00:00

my2.sql 100% 638KB 638.4KB/s 00:00

zrlog.sql 100% 9880 9.7KB/s 00:00

### 4.3 把两个命令mysql和mysqldump用alias设置

[root@xavi-002 ~]# alias 'mysql=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql'

[root@xavi-002 ~]# alias 'mysqldump=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump'

### 4.4 进入mysql，不设密码，建立4个数据库

[root@xavi-002 mysql]# mysql -uroot

mysql> create database xavi;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database zrlog;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database blog;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database mysql2;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

### 4.5 将新建的数据库中恢复主机备份过来的数据

[root@xavi-002 ~]# mysql -uroot blog < /tmp/blog.sql

[root@xavi-002 ~]# mysql -uroot zrlog < /tmp/zrlog.sql

[root@xavi-002 ~]# mysql -uroot mysql2 < /tmp/my2.sql

[root@xavi-002 ~]# ls /data/mysql

auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql2 xavi zrlog

blog ib_logfile1 performance_schema xavi-002.err

ibdata1 mysql test xavi-002.pid

### 4.6 复制数据后，在slave上配置

[root@xavi-002 ~]# mysql -uroot

mysql> stop slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.72.130',master_user='repl',master_password='xavilinux',master_log_file='xavilinux1.000001',master_log_pos=424;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec)

### 4.7 启动 slave

mysql> start slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G

1. row

Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master

Master_Host: 192.168.72.130

Master_User: repl

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: xavilinux1.000001

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 424

Relay_Log_File: xavi-002-relay-bin.000001

Relay_Log_Pos: 4

Relay_Master_Log_File: xavilinux1.000001

Slave_IO_Running: Connecting

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

报错

Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master 'repl@192.168.72.130:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 1

这是在3.5 小节测试时写错了从机的IP地址,

[root@xavi mysql]# mysql -uroot -pxavilinux

mysql> grant replication slave on . to 'repl'@'192.168.72.133' identified by 'xavilinux';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush tables with read lock;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| xavilinux.000002 | 120 | | | |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

[root@xavi mysql]# ls

auto.cnf db2 ib_logfile0 mysql performance_schema xavi xavilinux.000002 xavi.pid

blog ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql2 test xavi.err xavilinux.index zrlog

报错：

mysql> stop slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> start slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G;

1. row

Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master

Master_Host: 192.168.72.130

Master_User: repl

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: xavilinux1.000004

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 331

Relay_Log_File: xavi-002-relay-bin.000001

Relay_Log_Pos: 4

Relay_Master_Log_File: xavilinux1.000004

Slave_IO_Running: Connecting

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 331

Relay_Log_Space: 120

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 1045

Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master 'repl@192.168.72.130:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 1

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 0

Master_UUID:

Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info

SQL_Delay: 0

SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it

Master_Retry_Count: 86400

Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 180408 23:22:46

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set:

Auto_Position: 0

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:

No query specified

mysql> perror 1045;

ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'perror 1045' at line 1

查看主机授权

mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;

+-------+----------------+-------------------------------------------+

| user | host | password |

+-------+----------------+-------------------------------------------+

| root | localhost | 254DE8C0E825F909A01A520D296E6A883FFDE4F8 |

| root | xavi |254DE8C0E825F909A01A520D296E6A883FFDE4F8 |

| root | 127.0.0.1 | 254DE8C0E825F909A01A520D296E6A883FFDE4F8 |

| root | ::1 |254DE8C0E825F909A01A520D296E6A883FFDE4F8 |

| | localhost | |

| | xavi | |

| user1 | 127.0.0.1 | 6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |

| user1 | localhost |6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |

| user2 | 192.168.133.1 | 59C70DA2F3E3A5BDF46B68F5C8B8F25762BCCEF0 |

| user2 | 192.168.133.2 |59C70DA2F3E3A5BDF46B68F5C8B8F25762BCCEF0 |

| zrlog | 127.0.0.1 | D66E108B48328249BB2779FCB0F0B03E3EDF92C1 |

| blog | 127.0.0.1 |D66E108B48328249BB2779FCB0F0B03E3EDF92C1 |

| repl | 192.168.72.133 | *BF29B1459C13E117044049733F4E17D0D14AC7DB |

+-------+----------------+-------------------------------------------+

13 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show grants for 'repl'@'192.168.72.133';

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for repl@192.168.72.133 |

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON . TO 'repl'@'192.168.72.133' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*BF29B1459C13E117044049733F4E17D0D14AC7DB' |

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

* 问题一直未找到，有可能是mysql版本5.5和5.6的区别

## 五、测试主从

未完待续