js java base64_Java 和 JavaScript 真正通用的Base64编码详解

Java 和 JavaScript Base64编码

在开发Java  Web应用的时候，可能会在服务器端用Java做Base64编码，而在客户端用JavaScript进行解码。这样就要求两边的Base64编码机制保持一致。

使用Base64编码，可能会碰到各种奇怪情况，甚至怀疑编码有bug。但实际上不是这样的。Base64理论上操作的对象不是字符串而是字节数组。它的原理就是把ASCII码的255个字符缩小到用64个来表示。具体就是原来三个字节用四个字节表示，编码后长度有一定的增长。

1) 最好一次编码，避免分段编码，确实要分段编码，每一段字节数应该是3的倍数。

长字节流，如果要边读取边编码，每一段必须是3的倍数，否则就可能在还原的时候出乱。一般人喜欢用2的乘方来定义数组，例如 byte[1024]，因为不是3的倍数，可能还原时出错。正确的例子是：

byte[] bs=new byte[3*100] ....inputStream.read(bs)......encode(bs )....

对于字符串，一般要整个一次编码，以避免分段编码出错。

当然，如果你分段编码，还原的时候也是一段一段地还原，那是没有问题的。

2)确保字符串还原的时候按照原来的编码还原。

因为它操作的是字节数组，所以对于GBK编码的汉字和UTF-8编码汉字，经过 Base64编码后结果是不一样的。例如“我们”这两个字如果是GBK编码，转成Base64后就是ztLDxw== ；如果是UTF-8编码，转成Base64后就是5oiR5Lus。

也就是 “我们” ==》  getBytes("GBK") ==> Base64

所以Java这边用什么编码转换，在JavaScript那边就要用什么编码还原。要保证Java和JavaScript通用，我们采用Unicode的编码(JavaScript转成UTF-8、GBK不方便，所以就采用了其本身的Unicode编码)，具体如下：

服务器端：

1)用getBytes("Unicode")转成Unicode字节数组。

2) 编码成Base64字符串

3)传送到客户端

客户端：

1)Base64 解码成字节数组

2)按Unicode还原

代码如下(相关的函数看附件)：

Base64.encode(data,"Unicode"); //java 端编码

decode64(data);   //javascript解码

附一：Java中Base64编码

package websharp.util;

public class Base64 {

private static final byte[] encodingTable = {

(byte) 'A', (byte) 'B', (byte) 'C', (byte) 'D', (byte) 'E',

(byte) 'F', (byte) 'G', (byte) 'H', (byte) 'I', (byte) 'J',

(byte) 'K', (byte) 'L', (byte) 'M', (byte) 'N', (byte) 'O',

(byte) 'P', (byte) 'Q', (byte) 'R', (byte) 'S', (byte) 'T',

(byte) 'U', (byte) 'V', (byte) 'W', (byte) 'X', (byte) 'Y',

(byte) 'Z', (byte) 'a', (byte) 'b', (byte) 'c', (byte) 'd',

(byte) 'e', (byte) 'f', (byte) 'g', (byte) 'h', (byte) 'i',

(byte) 'j', (byte) 'k', (byte) 'l', (byte) 'm', (byte) 'n',

(byte) 'o', (byte) 'p', (byte) 'q', (byte) 'r', (byte) 's',

(byte) 't', (byte) 'u', (byte) 'v', (byte) 'w', (byte) 'x',

(byte) 'y', (byte) 'z', (byte) '0', (byte) '1', (byte) '2',

(byte) '3', (byte) '4', (byte) '5', (byte) '6', (byte) '7',

(byte) '8', (byte) '9', (byte) '+', (byte) '/'

};

private static final byte[] decodingTable;

static {

decodingTable = new byte[128];

for (int i = 0; i < 128; i++) {

decodingTable[i] = (byte) -1;

}

for (int i = 'A'; i <= 'Z'; i++) {

decodingTable[i] = (byte) (i - 'A');

}

for (int i = 'a'; i <= 'z'; i++) {

decodingTable[i] = (byte) (i - 'a' + 26);

}

for (int i = '0'; i <= '9'; i++) {

decodingTable[i] = (byte) (i - '0' + 52);

}

decodingTable['+'] = 62;

decodingTable['/'] = 63;

}

public static byte[] encode(byte[] data,int offset) {

byte[] bytes;

int realCount=data.length-offset;

int modulus = realCount % 3;

if (modulus == 0) {

bytes = new byte[(4 * realCount) / 3];

} else {

bytes = new byte[4 * ((realCount / 3) + 1)];

}

int dataLength = (data.length - modulus);

int a1;

int a2;

int a3;

for (int i = offset, j = 0; i < dataLength; i += 3, j += 4) {

a1 = data[i] & 0xff;

a2 = data[i + 1] & 0xff;

a3 = data[i + 2] & 0xff;

bytes[j] = encodingTable[(a1 >>> 2) & 0x3f];

bytes[j + 1] = encodingTable[((a1 << 4) | (a2 >>> 4)) & 0x3f];

bytes[j + 2] = encodingTable[((a2 << 2) | (a3 >>> 6)) & 0x3f];

bytes[j + 3] = encodingTable[a3 & 0x3f];

}

int b1;

int b2;

int b3;

int d1;

int d2;

switch (modulus) {

case 0: /* nothing left to do */

break;

case 1:

d1 = data[data.length - 1] & 0xff;

b1 = (d1 >>> 2) & 0x3f;

b2 = (d1 << 4) & 0x3f;

bytes[bytes.length - 4] = encodingTable[b1];

bytes[bytes.length - 3] = encodingTable[b2];

bytes[bytes.length - 2] = (byte) '=';

bytes[bytes.length - 1] = (byte) '=';

break;

case 2:

d1 = data[data.length - 2] & 0xff;

d2 = data[data.length - 1] & 0xff;

b1 = (d1 >>> 2) & 0x3f;

b2 = ((d1 << 4) | (d2 >>> 4)) & 0x3f;

b3 = (d2 << 2) & 0x3f;

bytes[bytes.length - 4] = encodingTable[b1];

bytes[bytes.length - 3] = encodingTable[b2];

bytes[bytes.length - 2] = encodingTable[b3];

bytes[bytes.length - 1] = (byte) '=';

break;

}

return bytes;

}

public static byte[] decode(byte[] data) {

byte[] bytes;

byte b1;

byte b2;

byte b3;

byte b4;

data = discardNonBase64Bytes(data);

if (data[data.length - 2] == '=') {

bytes = new byte[(((data.length / 4) - 1) * 3) + 1];

} else if (data[data.length - 1] == '=') {

bytes = new byte[(((data.length / 4) - 1) * 3) + 2];

} else {

bytes = new byte[((data.length / 4) * 3)];

}

for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < (data.length - 4); i += 4, j += 3) {

b1 = decodingTable[data[i]];

b2 = decodingTable[data[i + 1]];

b3 = decodingTable[data[i + 2]];

b4 = decodingTable[data[i + 3]];

bytes[j] = (byte) ((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 4));

bytes[j + 1] = (byte) ((b2 << 4) | (b3 >> 2));

bytes[j + 2] = (byte) ((b3 << 6) | b4);

}

if (data[data.length - 2] == '=') {

b1 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 4]];

b2 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 3]];

bytes[bytes.length - 1] = (byte) ((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 4));

} else if (data[data.length - 1] == '=') {

b1 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 4]];

b2 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 3]];

b3 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 2]];

bytes[bytes.length - 2] = (byte) ((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 4));

bytes[bytes.length - 1] = (byte) ((b2 << 4) | (b3 >> 2));

} else {

b1 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 4]];

b2 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 3]];

b3 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 2]];

b4 = decodingTable[data[data.length - 1]];

bytes[bytes.length - 3] = (byte) ((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 4));

bytes[bytes.length - 2] = (byte) ((b2 << 4) | (b3 >> 2));

bytes[bytes.length - 1] = (byte) ((b3 << 6) | b4);

}

return bytes;

}

public static byte[] decode(String data) {

byte[] bytes;

byte b1;

byte b2;

byte b3;

byte b4;

data = discardNonBase64Chars(data);

if (data.charAt(data.length() - 2) == '=') {

bytes = new byte[(((data.length() / 4) - 1) * 3) + 1];

} else if (data.charAt(data.length() - 1) == '=') {

bytes = new byte[(((data.length() / 4) - 1) * 3) + 2];

} else {

bytes = new byte[((data.length() / 4) * 3)];

}

for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < (data.length() - 4); i += 4, j += 3) {

b1 = decodingTable[data.charAt(i)];

b2 = decodingTable[data.charAt(i + 1)];

b3 = decodingTable[data.charAt(i + 2)];

b4 = decodingTable[data.charAt(i + 3)];

bytes[j] = (byte) ((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 4));

bytes[j + 1] = (byte) ((b2 << 4) | (b3 >> 2));

bytes[j + 2] = (byte) ((b3 << 6) | b4);

}

if (data.charAt(data.length() - 2) == '=') {

b1 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 4)];

b2 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 3)];

bytes[bytes.length - 1] = (byte) ((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 4));

} else if (data.charAt(data.length() - 1) == '=') {

b1 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 4)];

b2 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 3)];

b3 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 2)];

bytes[bytes.length - 2] = (byte) ((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 4));

bytes[bytes.length - 1] = (byte) ((b2 << 4) | (b3 >> 2));

} else {

b1 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 4)];

b2 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 3)];

b3 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 2)];

b4 = decodingTable[data.charAt(data.length() - 1)];

bytes[bytes.length - 3] = (byte) ((b1 << 2) | (b2 >> 4));

bytes[bytes.length - 2] = (byte) ((b2 << 4) | (b3 >> 2));

bytes[bytes.length - 1] = (byte) ((b3 << 6) | b4);

}

for(int i=0;i

return bytes;

}

private static byte[] discardNonBase64Bytes(byte[] data) {

byte[] temp = new byte[data.length];

int bytesCopied = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {

if (isValidBase64Byte(data[i])) {

temp[bytesCopied++] = data[i];

}

}

byte[] newData = new byte[bytesCopied];

System.arraycopy(temp, 0, newData, 0, bytesCopied);

return newData;

}

private static String discardNonBase64Chars(String data) {

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

int length = data.length();

for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {

if (isValidBase64Byte((byte) (data.charAt(i)))) {

sb.append(data.charAt(i));

}

}

return sb.toString();

}

private static boolean isValidBase64Byte(byte b) {

if (b == '=') {

return true;

} else if ((b < 0) || (b >= 128)) {

return false;

} else if (decodingTable[b] == -1) {

return false;

}

return true;

}

public static String encode(String data,String charset)throws Exception

{

// byte[] result = (data.getBytes("Unicode"));

if(data==null || data.length()==0) return data;

int offset=0;

// getBytes("unicode")转完后会在前头加上两字节”FE“

byte[] result=encode (data.getBytes(charset),offset);

StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer(result.length);

for (int i=0;i

return sb.toString();

}

public static String decode(String data,String charset)throws Exception

{

if(data==null || data.length()==0) return data;

return new String(Base64.decode(data),charset);

}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

String data = "我们";

String data1=encode(data,"Unicode");

String data2=decode(data1,"Unicode");

System.out.println(data);

System.out.println(data1);

System.out.println(data2);

}

}

附二：JavaScript中Base64编码

base64 Encoding/Decoding

var keyStr = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP" +

"QRSTUVWXYZabcdef" +

"ghijklmnopqrstuv" +

"wxyz0123456789+/" +

"=";

function encode64(input) {

input = unicodetoBytes(input);

var output = "";

var chr1, chr2, chr3 = "";

var enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4 = "";

var i = 0;

do {

chr1 = input[i++];

chr2 = input[i++];

chr3 = input[i++];

enc1 = chr1 >> 2;

enc2 = ((chr1 & 3) > 4);

enc3 = ((chr2 & 15) > 6);

enc4 = chr3 & 63;

if (isNaN(chr2)) {

enc3 = enc4 = 64;

} else if (isNaN(chr3)) {

enc4 = 64;

}

output = output +

keyStr.charAt(enc1) +

keyStr.charAt(enc2) +

keyStr.charAt(enc3) +

keyStr.charAt(enc4);

chr1 = chr2 = chr3 = "";

enc1 = enc2 = enc3 = enc4 = "";

} while (i

return output;

}

function decode64(input) {

var output = "";

var chr1, chr2, chr3 = "";

var enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4 = "";

var i = 0;

// remove all characters that are not A-Z, a-z, 0-9, +, /, or =

var base64test = /[^A-Za-z0-9/+///=]/g;

if (base64test.exec(input)) {

alert("There were invalid base64 characters in the input text./n" +

"Valid base64 characters are A-Z, a-z, 0-9, '+', '/', and '='/n" +

"Expect errors in decoding.");

}

input = input.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9/+///=]/g, "");

output=new Array();

do {

enc1 = keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));

enc2 = keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));

enc3 = keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));

enc4 = keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));

chr1 = (enc1 > 4);

chr2 = ((enc2 & 15) > 2);

chr3 = ((enc3 & 3)

output.push(chr1);

if (enc3 != 64) {

output.push(chr2);

}

if (enc4 != 64) {

output.push(chr3);

}

chr1 = chr2 = chr3 = "";

enc1 = enc2 = enc3 = enc4 = "";

} while (i

return bytesToUnicode(output);

}

function unicodetoBytes(s)

{

var result=new Array();

if(s==null || s=="") return result;

result.push(255); // add "FE" to head

result.push(254);

for(var i=0;i

{

var c=s.charCodeAt(i).toString(16);

if(c.length==1) i="000"+c;

else if(c.length==2) c="00"+c;

else if(c.length==3) c="0"+c;

var var1=parseInt( c.substring(2),16);

var var2=parseInt( c.substring(0,2),16);

result.push( var1);

result.push(var2) ;

}

return result;

}

function bytesToUnicode(bs)

{

var result="";

var offset=0;

if(bs.length>=2 && bs[0]==255 && bs[1]==254) offset=2; // delete "FE"

for(var i=offset;i

{

var code=bs[i]+(bs[i+1]

result+=String.fromCharCode(code);

}

return result;

}

//-->

Type in the message you want to encode in base64, or paste

base64 encoded text into the text field, select Encode or Decode,

and click the button!

onClick="document.base64Form.theText.value=encode64(document.base64Form.theText.value);">

onClick="document.base64Form.theText.value=decode64(document.base64Form.theText.value);">

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