在JavaMain()函数(定义在openjdk/jdk/src/share/bin/java.c文件中)中调用LoadMainClass()函数加载Java主类。LoadMainClass()函数的实现如下:
源代码位置:openjdk/jdk/src/share/bin/java.c
/*
* Loads a class and verifies that the main class is present and it is ok to
* call it for more details refer to the java implementation.
*/
static jclass LoadMainClass(JNIEnv *env, int mode, char *name){
jmethodID mid;
jstring str;
jobject result;
jlong start, end;
// 加载sun.launcher.LauncherHelper类
jclass cls = GetLauncherHelperClass(env);
// 获取sun.launcher.LauncherHelper类中定义的checkAndLoadMain()方法的指针
NULL_CHECK0(mid = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env,cls,"checkAndLoadMain","(ZILjava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Class;"));
// 调用sun.launcher.LauncherHelper类中的checkAndLoadMain()方法
str = NewPlatformString(env, name);
result = (*env)->CallStaticObjectMethod(env, cls, mid, USE_STDERR, mode, str);
return (jclass)result;
}
下面介绍如上函数调用的一些函数。
1、GetLauncherHelperClass()函数
调用的GetLauncherHelperClass()函数的实现如下:
jclass GetLauncherHelperClass(JNIEnv *env){
if (helperClass == NULL) {
NULL_CHECK0(helperClass = FindBootStrapClass(env,"sun/launcher/LauncherHelper"));
}
return helperClass;
}
/*
* The implementation for finding classes from the bootstrap
* class loader, refer to java.h
*/
static FindClassFromBootLoader_t *findBootClass = NULL;
// 参数classname的值为"sun/launcher/LauncherHelper"。
jclass FindBootStrapClass(JNIEnv *env, const char* classname){
if (findBootClass == NULL) {
// 返回指向JVM_FindClassFromBootLoader()函数的函数指针
findBootClass = (FindClassFromBootLoader_t *)dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT,"JVM_FindClassFromBootLoader");
}
return findBootClass(env, classname);
}
通过函数指针findBootClass来调用JVM_FindClassFromBootLoader()函数。JVM_FindClassFromBootLoader()函数的实现如下:
JVM_ENTRY(jclass, JVM_FindClassFromBootLoader(JNIEnv* env,const char* name))
TempNewSymbol h_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(name, CHECK_NULL);
Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(h_name, CHECK_NULL);
if (k == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
return (jclass) JNIHandles::make_local(env, k->java_mirror());
JVM_END
调用的SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null()函数在前面已经详细介绍过,这里不再介绍。
2、GetStaticMethodID()函数
在通过JNI的方式调用Java方法时,首先要获取到方法的methodID。调用GetStaticMethodID()函数查找Java启动方法(Java主类中的main()方法)的methodID。调用GetStaticMethodID()函数其实调用的是jni_GetStaticMethodID()函数,实现如下:
// 传递的参数name为"checkAndLoadMain",而sig为"(ZILjava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Class;"。
JNI_ENTRY(jmethodID, jni_GetStaticMethodID(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz,const char *name, const char *sig))
jmethodID ret = get_method_id(env, clazz, name, sig, true, thread);
return ret;
JNI_END
get_method_id()函数的实现如下:
static jmethodID get_method_id(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, const char *name_str,
const char *sig, bool is_static, TRAPS) {
// %%%% This code should probably just call into a method in the LinkResolver
//
// The class should have been loaded (we have an instance of the class
// passed in) so the method and signature should already be in the symbol
// table. If they're not there, the method doesn't exist.
const char *name_to_probe = (name_str == NULL)
? vmSymbols::object_initializer_name()->as_C_string()
: name_str;
TempNewSymbol name = SymbolTable::probe(name_to_probe, (int)strlen(name_to_probe));
TempNewSymbol signature = SymbolTable::probe(sig, (int)strlen(sig));
KlassHandle klass(THREAD,java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(clazz)));
// Make sure class is linked and initialized before handing id's out to
// Method*s.
klass()->initialize(CHECK_NULL);
Method* m;
if (name == vmSymbols::object_initializer_name() || // name为
name == vmSymbols::class_initializer_name()) { // name为
// Never search superclasses for constructors
if (klass->oop_is_instance()) { // 在查找构造函数时,只查找当前类中的构造函数,不查找超类构造函数
m = InstanceKlass::cast(klass())->find_method(name, signature);
} else {
m = NULL;
}
} else {
m = klass->lookup_method(name, signature); // 在特定类中查找方法
if (m == NULL && klass->oop_is_instance()) {
m = InstanceKlass::cast(klass())->lookup_method_in_ordered_interfaces(name, signature);
}
}
return m->jmethod_id(); // 获取方法对应的methodID,methodID指定后不会变,所以可以重复使用methodID
}
查找构造函数时调用InstanceKlass类中的find_method()方法,这个方法不会查找超类;查找普通方法时,调用Klass中的lookup_method()或InstanceKlass类中的lookup_method_in_ordered_interfaces()方法,这两个方法会从父类中查找,例如lookup_method()方法的实现如下:
Method* lookup_method(Symbol* name, Symbol* signature) const {
return uncached_lookup_method(name, signature);
}
// uncached_lookup_method searches both the local class methods array and all
// superclasses methods arrays, skipping any overpass methods in superclasses.
Method* InstanceKlass::uncached_lookup_method(Symbol* name, Symbol* signature) const {
Klass* klass = const_cast(this);
bool dont_ignore_overpasses = true; // For the class being searched, find its overpasses.
while (klass != NULL) {
Method* method = InstanceKlass::cast(klass)->find_method(name, signature);
if ((method != NULL) && (dont_ignore_overpasses || !method->is_overpass())) {
return method;
}
klass = InstanceKlass::cast(klass)->super();
dont_ignore_overpasses = false; // Ignore overpass methods in all superclasses.
}
return NULL;
}
如果调用find_method()无法从当前类中查找到对应的方法,那么通过while循环一直从继承链往上查找,如果找到就直接返回,否则返回NULL。
find_method()方法的实现如下:
// find_method looks up the name/signature in the local methods array
Method* InstanceKlass::find_method(Symbol* name, Symbol* signature) const {
return InstanceKlass::find_method(methods(), name, signature);
}
// find_method looks up the name/signature in the local methods array
Method* InstanceKlass::find_method(Array* methods, Symbol* name, Symbol* signature) {
int hit = find_method_index(methods, name, signature);
return hit >= 0 ? methods->at(hit): NULL;
}
// Used directly for default_methods to find the index into the
// default_vtable_indices, and indirectly by find_method
// find_method_index looks in the local methods array to return the index
// of the matching name/signature
int InstanceKlass::find_method_index(Array* methods, Symbol* name, Symbol* signature) {
int hit = binary_search(methods, name); // 从methods中通过二分算法来查找名称为name的方法
if (hit != -1) {
Method* m = methods->at(hit);
// Do linear search to find matching signature. First, quick check for common case
if (m->signature() == signature)
return hit;
// search downwards through overloaded methods
int i;
for (i = hit - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
Method* m = methods->at(i);
if (m->name() != name)
break;
if (m->signature() == signature)
return i;
}
// search upwards
for (i = hit + 1; i < methods->length(); ++i) {
Method* m = methods->at(i);
if (m->name() != name)
break;
if (m->signature() == signature)
return i;
}
// not found
}
return -1;
}
当前的方法存储在instanceKlass类的_methods属性中,并且是按一定的顺序存储,这样就可以使用二分查找算法加快查找速度了,如果找到方法,则返回对应在数组中的下标位置,否则返回-1。
3、CallStaticObjectMethod()函数
在LoadMainClass()函数中调用(*env)->CallStaticObjectMethod()函数会执行sun.launcher.LauncherHelper类的checkAndLoadMain()方法。CallStaticObjectMethod()方法定义在jni.cpp文件中,实现时会通过jni_invoke_static()函数执行checkAndLoadMain()方法。jni_invoke_static()函数的实现如下:
static void jni_invoke_static(JNIEnv *env, JavaValue* result, jobject receiver, JNICallType call_type,
jmethodID method_id, JNI_ArgumentPusher *args, TRAPS) {
methodHandle method(THREAD, Method::resolve_jmethod_id(method_id));
// Create object to hold arguments for the JavaCall, and associate it with
// the jni parser
ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
int number_of_parameters = method->size_of_parameters();
// 这里进一步将要传给Java的参数转换为JavaCallArguments对象传下去
JavaCallArguments java_args(number_of_parameters);
args->set_java_argument_object(&java_args);
assert(method->is_static(), "method should be static");
// Fill out JavaCallArguments object
args->iterate( Fingerprinter(method).fingerprint() );
// Initialize result type
result->set_type(args->get_ret_type());
// Invoke the method. Result is returned as oop.
// 供C/C++程序调用Java方法
JavaCalls::call(result, method, &java_args, CHECK);
// Convert result
if (result->get_type() == T_OBJECT || result->get_type() == T_ARRAY) {
result->set_jobject(JNIHandles::make_local(env, (oop) result->get_jobject()));
}
}
函数最终通过JavaCalls::call()方法调用Java方法,在介绍方法执行引擎时将会详细介绍。方法看起来逻辑很多,其实都是因为JNI调用时,需要对参数进行转换,在JNI环境下只能使用句柄来访问虚拟机对象,而在虚拟机操作时,由于实现逻辑的需要,必须要操作虚拟机对象,所以不可避免在每次方法的开始和结束都需要对参数进行转换。如调用Method::resolve_jmethod_id()、调用JNIHandles::make_local()等方法。
最后看一下调用JavaCalls::call()方法执行的Java方法checkAndLoadMain()方法的实现,如下:
源代码位置如下:/home/mazhi/workspace/openjdk/jdk/src/share/classes/sun/launcher/LauncherHelper.java
/**
* This method does the following:
* 1. gets the classname from a Jar's manifest, if necessary
* 2. loads the class using the System ClassLoader
* 3. ensures the availability and accessibility of the main method,
* using signatureDiagnostic method.
* a. does the class exist
* b. is there a main
* c. is the main public
* d. is the main static
* e. does the main take a String array for args
* 4. if no main method and if the class extends FX Application, then call
* on FXHelper to determine the main class to launch
* 5. and off we go......
*
* @param printToStderr if set, all output will be routed to stderr
* @param mode LaunchMode as determined by the arguments passed on the
* command line
* @param what either the jar file to launch or the main class when using
* LM_CLASS mode
* @return the application's main class
*/
public static Class> checkAndLoadMain(boolean printToStderr,
int mode,
String what) {
initOutput(printToStderr);
// get the class name
String cn = null;
switch (mode) {
case LM_CLASS:
cn = what;
break;
case LM_JAR:
cn = getMainClassFromJar(what);
break;
default:
// should never happen
throw new InternalError("" + mode + ": Unknown launch mode");
}
cn = cn.replace('/', '.');
Class> mainClass = null;
try {
mainClass = scloader.loadClass(cn); // 加载主类
} catch (NoClassDefFoundError | ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
...
}
// set to mainClass
appClass = mainClass;
return mainClass;
}
从这里可以看出加载main方法类的加载器是系统类加载器,而系统类加载器其实就是AppClassLoader。所以,main方法默认加载器是AppClassLoder,并且传给当前线程上下文的加载器也是AppClassLoader。
AppClassLoader/ExtClassLoader都是Launcher的内部类。先初始化ExtClassLoader,并将ExtClassLoader作为父加载器传给AppClassLoder
scloader是全局变量,定义如下:
private static final ClassLoader scloader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
调用scloader的loadClass()方法会调用到java.lang.ClassLoader的loadClass()方法,之前已经介绍过这个方法,首先通过findLoadedClass()方法判断当前加载器是否已经加载了指定的类,如果没有加载并且parent不为NULL,调用parent.loadClass()方法来完成,而AppClassLoader的父加载器是ExtClassLoader,这是加载JDK中的扩展类,并不会加载Java主类,所以只能调用this.findClass()方法来完成主类的加载。对于AppClassLoader来说,调用的是URLClassLoader中实现的findClass()方法,最终会调用本地方法defineClass1()来完成,这个方法在介绍类的双亲委派机制时详细介绍过,这里不再介绍。
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