core net 消费kafka_.NET Core 下使用 Kafka

原标题：.NET Core 下使用 Kafka

安装CentOS 安装 kafka

Kafka : http://kafka.apache.org/downloads

ZooLeeper : https://zookeeper.apache.org/releases.html

下载并解压

# 下载，并解压

$ wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/kafka/2.1.1/kafka_2.12-2.1.1.tgz

$ tar -zxvf kafka_2.12-2.1.1.tgz

$ mv kafka_2.12-2.1.1.tgz /data/kafka

# 下载 zookeeper，解压

$ wget https://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.5.8/apache-zookeeper-3.5.8-bin.tar.gz

$ tar -zxvf apache-zookeeper-3.5.8-bin.tar.gz

$ mv apache-zookeeper-3.5.8-bin /data/zookeeper

启动 ZooKeeper # 复制配置模版

$ cd/data/kafka/conf

$ cp zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg

# 看看配置需不需要改

$ vim zoo.cfg

# 命令

$ ./bin/zkServer.sh start # 启动

$ ./bin/zkServer.sh status # 状态

$ ./bin/zkServer.sh stop # 停止

$ ./bin/zkServer.sh restart # 重启

# 使用客户端测试

$ ./bin/zkCli.sh -server localhost:2181

$ quit

启动 Kafka # 备份配置

$ cd/data/kafka

$ cp config/server.properties config/server.properties_copy

# 修改配置

$ vim /data/kafka/config/server.properties

# 集群配置下，每个 broker 的 id 是必须不同的

# broker.id=0

# 监听地址设置(内网)

# listeners=PLAINTEXT://ip:9092

# 对外提供服务的IP、端口

# advertised.listeners=PLAINTEXT://106.75.84.97:9092

# 修改每个topic的默认分区参数num.partitions，默认是1，具体合适的取值需要根据服务器配置进程确定，UCloud.ukafka = 3

# num.partitions=3

# zookeeper 配置

# zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181

# 通过配置启动 kafka

$ ./bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties&

# 状态查看

$ ps -ef|grep kafka

$ jps

docker下安装Kafka docker pull wurstmeister/zookeeper

docker run -d --name zookeeper -p 2181:2181 wurstmeister/zookeeperdocker pull wurstmeister/kafka

docker run -d --name kafka --publish 9092:9092 --link zookeeper --env KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT=zookeeper:2181 --env KAFKA_ADVERTISED_HOST_NAME=192.168.1.111 --env KAFKA_ADVERTISED_PORT=9092 wurstmeister/kafka

介绍

Broker：消息中间件处理节点，一个Kafka节点就是一个broker，多个broker可以组成一个Kafka集群。

Topic：一类消息，例如page view日志、click日志等都可以以topic的形式存在，Kafka集群能够同时负责多个topic的分发。

Partition：topic物理上的分组，一个topic可以分为多个partition，每个partition是一个有序的队列。

Segment：partition物理上由多个segment组成，下面2.2和2.3有详细说明。

offset：每个partition都由一系列有序的、不可变的消息组成，这些消息被连续的追加到partition中。partition中的每个消息都有一个连续的序列号叫做offset,用于partition唯一标识一条消息。

“

kafka partition 和 consumer 数目关系

如果consumer比partition多是浪费，因为kafka的设计是在一个partition上是不允许并发的，所以consumer数不要大于partition数 。

如果consumer比partition少，一个consumer会对应于多个partitions，这里主要合理分配consumer数和partition数，否则会导致partition里面的数据被取的不均匀 。最好partiton数目是consumer数目的整数倍，所以partition数目很重要，比如取24，就很容易设定consumer数目 。

如果consumer从多个partition读到数据，不保证数据间的顺序性，kafka只保证在一个partition上数据是有序的，但多个partition，根据你读的顺序会有不同

增减consumer，broker，partition会导致rebalance，所以rebalance后consumer对应的partition会发生变化

快速开始

在 .NET Core 项目中安装组件

Install-Package Confluent.Kafka

开源地址：https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-dotnet

添加 IKafkaService 服务接口

publicinterfaceIKafkaService

{

///

///发送消息至指定主题

///

///

///

///

///

Task PublishAsync( stringtopicName, TMessage message) whereTMessage : class;

///

///从指定主题订阅消息

///

///

///

///

///

///

Task SubscribeAsync(IEnumerable< string> topics, Action messageFunc, CancellationToken cancellationToken) whereTMessage : class;

}

实现 IKafkaService

publicclassKafkaService: IKafkaService

{

publicasyncTask PublishAsync( stringtopicName, TMessage message) whereTMessage : class

{

varconfig = newProducerConfig

{

BootstrapServers = "127.0.0.1:9092"

};

usingvarproducer = newProducerBuilder< string, string>(config).Build;

awaitproducer.ProduceAsync(topicName, newMessage< string, string>

{

Key = Guid.NewGuid.ToString,

Value = message.SerializeToJson

});

}

publicasyncTask SubscribeAsync(IEnumerable< string> topics, Action messageFunc, CancellationToken cancellationToken) whereTMessage : class

{

varconfig = newConsumerConfig

{

BootstrapServers = "127.0.0.1:9092",

GroupId = "consumer",

EnableAutoCommit = false,

StatisticsIntervalMs = 5000,

SessionTimeoutMs = 6000,

AutoOffsetReset = AutoOffsetReset.Earliest,

EnablePartitionEof = true

};

//const int commitPeriod = 5;

usingvarconsumer = newConsumerBuilder(config)

.SetErrorHandler((_, e) =>

{

Console.WriteLine( $"Error: {e.Reason}");

})

.SetStatisticsHandler((_, json) =>

{

Console.WriteLine( $" - {DateTime.Now:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}> 消息监听中..");

})

.SetPartitionsAssignedHandler((c, partitions) =>

{

stringpartitionsStr = string.Join( ", ", partitions);

Console.WriteLine( $" - 分配的 kafka 分区: {partitionsStr}");

})

.SetPartitionsRevokedHandler((c, partitions) =>

{

stringpartitionsStr = string.Join( ", ", partitions);

Console.WriteLine( $" - 回收了 kafka 的分区: {partitionsStr}");

})

.Build;

consumer.Subscribe(topics);

try

{

while( true)

{

try

{

varconsumeResult = consumer.Consume(cancellationToken);

Console.WriteLine( $"Consumed message ' {consumeResult.Message?.Value}' at: ' {consumeResult?.TopicPartitionOffset}'.");

if(consumeResult.IsPartitionEOF)

{

Console.WriteLine( $" - {DateTime.Now:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}已经到底了： {consumeResult.Topic}, partition {consumeResult.Partition}, offset {consumeResult.Offset}.");

continue;

}

TMessage messageResult = null;

try

{

messageResult = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(consumeResult.Message.Value);

}

catch(Exception ex)

{

varerrorMessage = $" - {DateTime.Now:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}【Exception 消息反序列化失败，Value： {consumeResult.Message.Value}】 ： {ex.StackTrace?.ToString}";

Console.WriteLine(errorMessage);

messageResult = null;

}

if(messageResult != null/* && consumeResult.Offset % commitPeriod == 0*/)

{

messageFunc(messageResult);

try

{

consumer.Commit(consumeResult);

}

catch(KafkaException e)

{

Console.WriteLine(e.Message);

}

}

}

catch(ConsumeException e)

{

Console.WriteLine( $"Consume error: {e.Error.Reason}");

}

}

}

catch(OperationCanceledException)

{

Console.WriteLine( "Closing consumer.");

consumer.Close;

}

awaitTask.CompletedTask;

}

}

注入 IKafkaService ，在需要使用的地方直接调用即可。

publicclassMessageService: IMessageService, ITransientDependency

{

privatereadonlyIKafkaService _kafkaService;

publicMessageService( IKafkaService kafkaService)

{

_kafkaService = kafkaService;

}

publicasyncTask RequestTraceAdded( XxxEventData eventData)

{

await_kafkaService.PublishAsync(eventData.TopicName, eventData);

}

}

以上相当于一个生产者，当我们消息队列发出后，还需一个消费者进行消费，所以可以使用一个控制台项目接收消息来处理业务。

varcts = newCancellationTokenSource;

Console.CancelKeyPress += (_, e) =>

{

e.Cancel = true;

cts.Cancel;

};

awaitkafkaService.SubscribeAsync(topics, async(eventData) =>

{

// Your logic

Console.WriteLine( $" - {eventData.EventTime:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}【 {eventData.TopicName}】- > 已处理");

}, cts.Token);

生产者消费者示例生产者 staticasyncTask Main( string[] args)

{

if(args.Length != 2)

{

Console.WriteLine( "Usage: .. brokerList topicName");

// 127.0.0.1:9092 helloTopic

return;

}

varbrokerList = args.First;

vartopicName = args.Last;

varconfig = newProducerConfig { BootstrapServers = brokerList };

usingvarproducer = newProducerBuilder< string, string>(config).Build;

Console.WriteLine( "n-----------------------------------------------------------------------");

Console.WriteLine( $"Producer {producer.Name}producing on topic {topicName}.");

Console.WriteLine( "-----------------------------------------------------------------------");

Console.WriteLine( "To create a kafka message with UTF-8 encoded key and value:");

Console.WriteLine( "> key value");

Console.WriteLine( "To create a kafka message with a null key and UTF-8 encoded value:");

Console.WriteLine( "> value");

Console.WriteLine( "Ctrl-C to quit.n");

varcancelled = false;

Console.CancelKeyPress += (_, e) =>

{

e.Cancel = true;

cancelled = true;

};

while(!cancelled)

{

Console.Write( "> ");

vartext = string.Empty;

try

{

text = Console.ReadLine;

}

catch(IOException)

{

break;

}

if( string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(text))

{

break;

}

varkey = string.Empty;

varval = text;

varindex = text.IndexOf( " ");

if(index != -1)

{

key = text.Substring( 0, index);

val = text.Substring(index + 1);

}

try

{

vardeliveryResult = awaitproducer.ProduceAsync(topicName, newMessage< string, string>

{

Key = key,

Value = val

});

Console.WriteLine( $"delivered to: {deliveryResult.TopicPartitionOffset}");

}

catch(ProduceException< string, string> e)

{

Console.WriteLine( $"failed to deliver message: {e.Message}[ {e.Error.Code}]");

}

}

}

消费者 staticvoidMain( string[] args)

{

if(args.Length != 2)

{

Console.WriteLine( "Usage: .. brokerList topicName");

// 127.0.0.1:9092 helloTopic

return;

}

varbrokerList = args.First;

vartopicName = args.Last;

Console.WriteLine( $"Started consumer, Ctrl-C to stop consuming");

varcts = newCancellationTokenSource;

Console.CancelKeyPress += (_, e) =>

{

e.Cancel = true;

cts.Cancel;

};

varconfig = newConsumerConfig

{

BootstrapServers = brokerList,

GroupId = "consumer",

EnableAutoCommit = false,

StatisticsIntervalMs = 5000,

SessionTimeoutMs = 6000,

AutoOffsetReset = AutoOffsetReset.Earliest,

EnablePartitionEof = true

};

constintcommitPeriod = 5;

usingvarconsumer = newConsumerBuilder(config)

.SetErrorHandler((_, e) =>

{

Console.WriteLine( $"Error: {e.Reason}");

})

.SetStatisticsHandler((_, json) =>

{

Console.WriteLine( $" - {DateTime.Now:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}> monitoring..");

//Console.WriteLine($"Statistics: {json}");

})

.SetPartitionsAssignedHandler((c, partitions) =>

{

Console.WriteLine( $"Assigned partitions: [ { string.Join( ", ", partitions)}]");

})

.SetPartitionsRevokedHandler((c, partitions) =>

{

Console.WriteLine( $"Revoking assignment: [ { string.Join( ", ", partitions)}]");

})

.Build;

consumer.Subscribe(topicName);

try

{

while( true)

{

try

{

varconsumeResult = consumer.Consume(cts.Token);

if(consumeResult.IsPartitionEOF)

{

Console.WriteLine( $"Reached end of topic {consumeResult.Topic}, partition {consumeResult.Partition}, offset {consumeResult.Offset}.");

continue;

}

Console.WriteLine( $"Received message at {consumeResult.TopicPartitionOffset}: {consumeResult.Message.Value}");

if(consumeResult.Offset % commitPeriod == 0)

{

try

{

consumer.Commit(consumeResult);

}

catch(KafkaException e)

{

Console.WriteLine( $"Commit error: {e.Error.Reason}");

}

}

}

catch(ConsumeException e)

{

Console.WriteLine( $"Consume error: {e.Error.Reason}");

}

}

}

catch(OperationCanceledException)

{

Console.WriteLine( "Closing consumer.");

consumer.Close;

}

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