操作系统时间片轮换_简单的linux内核时间片轮换

学号<202>

原创作品转载请注明出处https://github.com/mengning/linuxkernel/

sudo apt-getinstall qemu # install QEMU

sudo ln-s /usr/bin/qemu-system-i386 /usr/bin/qemu

wget--no-check-certificate https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux- 3.9.4.tar.xz # download Linux Kernel 3.9.4 source code

wget --no-check-certificate https://raw.github.com/mengning/mykernel/master/mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch # download mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch

xz -d linux-3.9.4.tar.xz

tar-xvf linux-3.9.4.tar

cd linux-3.9.4patch-p1 < ../mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch

make allnoconfig

make

其中wget指令后要加--no-check-contificate 否则认证无法通过

指令qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage可以看到如图成果

打开mymain.c文件如图

打开myinterrupt.c文件，如图

会在start_kernel中运行，定长时间跳到Interrupt中去执行一次

二、一个简单的时间片轮转多道程序

obj-y = mymain.o myinterrupt.o

mymain.o:

cc -c mymain.c mypcb.h

myinterrupt.o:

cc -c myinterrupt.c mypcb.h

修改Makefile ，通过git-clone获取mymain.c 和 interrupt.c

程序运行如图

下面开始分析程序

structThread {

unsignedlongip;

unsignedlongsp;

};

typedefstructPCB{intpid;volatile long state; /*-1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped*/

charstack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];/*CPU-specific state of this task*/

structThread thread;

unsignedlongtask_entry;struct PCB *next;

}tPCB;

定义了进程和线程的结构体。

pid表示进程编号

state表示进程的状态

stack表示进程的栈

thread表示进程的ip sp的值

task_entry表示进程的入口，第一次执行时候指令所处的位置

next指向下一个进程的地址

mymain.c

void __init my_start_kernel(void) {int pid = 0;inti;/*Initialize process 0*/task[pid].pid=pid;

task[pid].state= 0;/*-1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped*/task[pid].task_entry= task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;

task[pid].thread.sp= (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];

task[pid].next= &task[pid];/*fork more process*/

for(i=1; i

memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));

task[i].pid=i;

task[i].state= -1;

task[i].thread.sp= (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];

task[i].next= task[i-1].next;

task[i-1].next = &task[i];

}/*start process 0 by task[0]*/pid= 0;

my_current_task= &task[pid];

asmvolatile("movl %1,%%esp\n\t" /*set task[pid].thread.sp to esp*/

"pushl %1\n\t" /*push ebp*/

"pushl %0\n\t" /*push task[pid].thread.ip*/

"ret\n\t" /*pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip*/

"popl %%ebp\n\t":

:"c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp) /*input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/);

}

这个整个程序的入口，首先初始化所有进程，只有进程0的运行态置为runnable，将线程定义成一个循环链表，方便之后通过next直接点用下一条进程。

void my_process(void) {int i = 0;while(1) {

i++;if(i%10000000 == 0) {

printk(KERN_NOTICE"this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);if(my_need_sched == 1) {

my_need_sched= 0;

my_schedule();

}

printk(KERN_NOTICE"this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);

}

}

}

这段代码是进程要循行的，init将进程入口设置成了my_process，这个程序通过循环打印输出来表明是哪个进程到了这里面

在jinterrupt.c里面

void my_timer_handler(void)

{#if 1

if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)

{

printk(KERN_NOTICE">>>my_timer_handler here<<

my_need_sched= 1;

}

time_count++;#endif

return;

}

定时器中断时，此函数调用一次，自增一次time_count，自增到达2000次输出一次

void my_schedule(void)

{

tPCB*next;

tPCB*prev;if(my_current_task ==NULL|| my_current_task->next ==NULL)

{return;

}

printk(KERN_NOTICE">>>my_schedule<<next;

prev=my_current_task;if(next->state == 0)/*-1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped*/{

my_current_task=next;

printk(KERN_NOTICE">>>switch %d to %d<<pid,next->pid);/*switch to next process*/asmvolatile("pushl %%ebp\n\t" /*save ebp*/

"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /*save esp*/

"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /*restore esp*/

"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /*save eip*/

"pushl %3\n\t"

"ret\n\t" /*restore eip*/

"1:\t" /*next process start here*/

"popl %%ebp\n\t":"=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)

:"m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)

);

}else{

next->state = 0;

my_current_task=next;

printk(KERN_NOTICE">>>switch %d to %d<<pid,next->pid);/*switch to new process*/asmvolatile("pushl %%ebp\n\t" /*save ebp*/

"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /*save esp*/

"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /*restore esp*/

"movl %2,%%ebp\n\t" /*restore ebp*/

"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /*save eip*/

"pushl %3\n\t"

"ret\n\t" /*restore eip*/:"=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)

:"m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)

);

}return;

}

切换进程的函数。进程切换就是更改sp,bp,ip三个寄存器的值和pcb的结构，就可以运行在不用的线程下

汇编指令解析

1.ebp入栈，保存栈底

2.esp给prev->thread.sp 将当前esp保存到进程的sp

3.next给thread.sp->esp，切换的进程sp给esp,因为这个进程曾经就是这么获取的esp的值

4.$1f表示段1地址，即将段1地址->prev->thread.ip 当前进程如果再去执行的话要到段1去执行

56.将next->thread.ip给eip

7.栈顶元素pop作为ebp

两次操作ebp，先将进程的ebp入栈，然后执行下一个进程，执行完下一个进程后，esp不变，ebp就能够重新得到ebp，能起到保护ebp的作用，也不需要保存ebp的值在数据结构中