一个模拟的COM示例程序

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-16 10:13:45 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-16 10:13:45 发布

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文章标签： c/c++

我认为这是《Visual c++技术内幕》这本书中讲的最为出色的一个示例，将COM的“面向接口”的思路讲述得相当清晰，再加上嵌套类和引用计数的使用，让COM初学者能一窥其实质。

就我的理解，COM就好比是一瓶“胶水“，把客户exe同所需要的DLL或者其他exe”黏合“起来，而这些工作对客户来说是透明的，客户只是按双方协商好的协议，使用特定的接口就行了，只要接口保持不变，客户就不需要跟随DLL等的变化而变化，是为”面向接口“，这一切都是COM的功劳，而且COM使用包容和集合来代替继承，更加符合面向对象的思想。

// client.cpp pseudo-OLE command-line application

Code
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h> // for offsetof in METHOD_PROLOGUE
#include <assert.h>
#include "interface.h"

//----------main program-----------------------------------------------
int main() // simulates OLE client program
{
    TRACE("6 Entering client main\n");  //第6 步
    IUnknown* pUnk; // If you declare these void*, you lose type-safety
    IMotion* pMot;
    IVisual* pVis;
    IClassFactory* pClf;
    GetClassObject(CLSID_CSpaceship, IID_IClassFactory, (void**) &pClf);
    pClf->CreateInstance(IID_IUnknown, (void**) &pUnk);
    pUnk->QueryInterface(IID_IMotion, (void**) &pMot); // All three pointers should work
    pMot->QueryInterface(IID_IVisual, (void**) &pVis); //
    TRACE("23 main: pUnk = %p, pMot = %p, pDis = %p\n", pUnk, pMot, pVis); //第23 步
    // Test all the interface virtual functions
    pMot->Fly();
    int nPos = pMot->GetPosition();
    TRACE("32 nPos = %d\n", nPos);//第32 步
    pVis->Display();
    pClf->Release();
    pUnk->Release();
    pMot->Release();
    pVis->Release();
    return 0;
}

// interface.h

definitions that make our code look like MFC code

Code
#define BOOL   int
#define DWORD  unsigned int
#define TRUE   1
#define FALSE  0
#define TRACE  printf
#define ASSERT assert
//----------definitions and macros-----------------------------------
#define CLSID_CSpaceship    10
#define IID_IUnknown        0
#define IID_IClassFactory   1
#define IID_IMotion         2
#define IID_IVisual         3
// this macro for 16-bit Windows only
#define METHOD_PROLOGUE(theClass, localClass) \
    theClass* pThis = ((theClass*)((char*)(this) - \
    offsetof(theClass, m_x##localClass))); \

BOOL GetClassObject(int nClsid, int nIid, void** ppvObj);

//----------interface declarations-----------------------------------
struct IUnknown
{
    IUnknown()
    {
        TRACE("2 10 13 Entering IUnknown ctor %p\n", this); //第2 步 //第10 步//第13 步
    }
    virtual BOOL QueryInterface(int nIid, void** ppvObj) = 0;
    virtual DWORD Release() = 0;
    virtual DWORD AddRef() = 0;
};
struct IClassFactory : public IUnknown
{
    IClassFactory()
    {
        TRACE("3 Entering IClassFactory ctor %p\n", this); //第3 步
    }
    virtual BOOL CreateInstance(int nIid, void** ppvObj) = 0;
};

struct IMotion : public IUnknown
{
    IMotion()
    {
        TRACE("11 Entering IMotion ctor %p\n", this); //第11 步
    }
    virtual void Fly() = 0; // pure
    virtual int& GetPosition() = 0;
};
struct IVisual : public IUnknown
{
    IVisual()
    {
        TRACE("14 Entering IVisual ctor %p\n", this); //第14 步
    }
    virtual void Display() = 0;
};
class CSimulatedCmdTarget // 'simulated' CSimulatedCmdTarget
{
public:
    DWORD m_dwRef;
protected:
    CSimulatedCmdTarget()
    {
        TRACE("1 9 Entering CSimulatedCmdTarget ctor %p\n", this);     //第1 步 //第9 步
        m_dwRef = 1;                                                   // implied first AddRef
    }
    virtual ~CSimulatedCmdTarget()
    {
        TRACE("47 49 Entering CSimulatedCmdTarget dtor %p\n", this);   //第47 步//第49 步
    }

    DWORD ExternalRelease()
    {
        //第18 步//第38 步//第40 步//第42 步//第44 步
        TRACE("18 38 40 42 44 Entering CSimulatedCmdTarget::ExternalRelease--RefCount =  %ld\n",m_dwRef);
        if (m_dwRef == 0)
          return 0;
        if(--m_dwRef == 0L)
        {
          TRACE("45 deleting\n");   //第45 步
          delete this;
          return 0;
        }
        return m_dwRef;
    }
    DWORD ExternalAddRef()
    {
        return ++m_dwRef;
    }
};

// Spaceship.h

Code
class CSpaceship;
//----------class declarations-----------------------------------------------
class CSpaceshipFactory : public CSimulatedCmdTarget
{
public:
    CSpaceshipFactory()
    {
        TRACE("5 Entering CSpaceshipFactory ctor %p\n", this); //第5 步
    }
    ~CSpaceshipFactory()
    {
        TRACE("48 Entering CSpaceshipFactory dtor %p\n", this); //第48 步
    }
    BOOL ExternalQueryInterface(int lRid, void** ppvObj);
    class XClassFactory : public IClassFactory
    {
    public:
        XClassFactory()
        {
            TRACE("4 Entering XClassFactory ctor %p\n", this); //第4 步
        }
        virtual BOOL QueryInterface(int lRid, void** ppvObj);
        virtual DWORD Release();
        virtual DWORD AddRef();
        virtual BOOL CreateInstance(int lRid, void** ppvObj);
    } m_xClassFactory;
    friend class XClassFactory;
};
class CSpaceship : public CSimulatedCmdTarget
{
private:
int m_nPosition; // We can access these from all the interfaces
int m_nAcceleration;
    int m_nColor;
public:
    CSpaceship()
    {
        TRACE("16 Entering CSpaceship ctor %p\n", this); //第16 步
        m_nPosition = 100;
        m_nAcceleration = 101;
        m_nColor = 102;
    }
    ~CSpaceship()
    {
        TRACE("46 Entering CSpaceship dtor %p\n", this); //第46 步
    }
    BOOL ExternalQueryInterface(int lRid, void** ppvObj);
    class XMotion : public IMotion
    {
    public:
        XMotion()
        {
            TRACE("12 Entering XMotion ctor %p\n", this); //第12 步
        }
        virtual BOOL QueryInterface(int lRid, void** ppvObj);
        virtual DWORD Release();
        virtual DWORD AddRef();
        virtual void Fly();
        virtual int& GetPosition();
} m_xMotion;
    class XVisual : public IVisual
    {
    public:
        XVisual()
        {
            TRACE("15 Entering XVisual ctor\n"); //第15 步
        }
        virtual BOOL QueryInterface(int lRid, void** ppvObj);
        virtual DWORD Release();
        virtual DWORD AddRef();
        virtual void Display();
    } m_xVisual;
    friend class XVisual;  // These must be at the bottom!
    friend class XMotion;
    friend class CSpaceshipFactory::XClassFactory;
};

// Spaceship.cpp pseudo-OLE command-line application

Code
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h> // for offsetof in METHOD_PROLOGUE
#include <ASSERT.h>
#include "Interface.h"
#include "Spaceship.h"
CSpaceshipFactory g_factory;
//----------member functions-----------------------------------------
BOOL CSpaceshipFactory::ExternalQueryInterface(int nIid,void** ppvObj)
{
    TRACE("7 Entering CSpaceshipFactory::ExternalQueryInterface--nIid = %d\n" ,nIid);  //第7 步
    switch (nIid)
    {
    case IID_IUnknown:
    case IID_IClassFactory:
      *ppvObj = &m_xClassFactory;
      break;
    default:
      *ppvObj = NULL;
      return FALSE;
    }
    ExternalAddRef();
    return TRUE;
}
BOOL CSpaceshipFactory::XClassFactory::QueryInterface(int nIid,void** ppvObj)
{
    TRACE("Entering CSpaceshipFactory::XClassFactory::QueryInterface--nIid = %d\n", nIid);
    METHOD_PROLOGUE(CSpaceshipFactory, ClassFactory) // makes pThis
    return pThis->ExternalQueryInterface(nIid, ppvObj); // delegate to CSpaceshipFactory
}
BOOL CSpaceshipFactory::XClassFactory::CreateInstance(int nIid,void** ppvObj)
{
    TRACE("8 Entering CSpaceshipFactory::XClassFactory::CreateInstance\n"); //第8 步
    METHOD_PROLOGUE(CSpaceshipFactory, ClassFactory) // makes pThis
    CSpaceship* pObj = new CSpaceship();
    if (pObj->ExternalQueryInterface(nIid, ppvObj))
    {
        pObj->ExternalRelease(); // balance reference count
        return TRUE;
    }
    return FALSE;
}
DWORD CSpaceshipFactory::XClassFactory::Release()
{
    TRACE("37 Entering CSpaceshipFactory::XClassFactory::Release\n");        //第37 步
    METHOD_PROLOGUE(CSpaceshipFactory, ClassFactory) // makes pThis
    return pThis->ExternalRelease(); // delegate to CSimulatedCmdTarget
}
DWORD CSpaceshipFactory::XClassFactory::AddRef()
{
    TRACE("Entering CSpaceshipFactory::XClassFactory::AddRef\n");
    METHOD_PROLOGUE(CSpaceshipFactory, ClassFactory) // makes pThis
    return pThis->ExternalAddRef(); // delegate to CSimulatedCmdTarget
}
BOOL CSpaceship::ExternalQueryInterface(int nIid, void** ppvObj)
{
    TRACE("17 20 22 Entering CSpaceship::ExternalQueryInterface--nIid = %d\n",nIid); //第17 步//第20 步//第22 步
    switch (nIid)
    {
    case IID_IUnknown:
    case IID_IMotion:
      *ppvObj = &m_xMotion; // Both IMotion and IVisual are derived
      break;                //  from IUnknown, so either pointer will do
    case IID_IVisual:
      *ppvObj = &m_xVisual;
      break;
    default:
      *ppvObj = NULL;
      return FALSE;
    }
    ExternalAddRef();
    return TRUE;
}
BOOL CSpaceship::XMotion::QueryInterface(int nIid, void** ppvObj) {
    TRACE("19 21 Entering CSpaceship::XMotion::QueryInterface--nIid =   %d\n", nIid); //第19 步//第21 步
    METHOD_PROLOGUE(CSpaceship, Motion) // makes pThis
    return pThis->ExternalQueryInterface(nIid, ppvObj); // delegate to CSpaceship
}
DWORD CSpaceship::XMotion::Release() {
    TRACE("39 41 Entering CSpaceship::XMotion::Release\n");  //第39 步//第41 步
    METHOD_PROLOGUE(CSpaceship, Motion) // makes pThis
    return pThis->ExternalRelease(); // delegate to CSimulatedCmdTarget
}
DWORD CSpaceship::XMotion::AddRef() {
    TRACE("Entering CSpaceship::XMotion::AddRef\n");
    METHOD_PROLOGUE(CSpaceship, Motion) // makes pThis
    return pThis->ExternalAddRef(); // delegate to CSimulatedCmdTarget
}
void CSpaceship::XMotion::Fly() {
    TRACE("24 Entering CSpaceship::XMotion::Fly\n"); //第24 步
    METHOD_PROLOGUE(CSpaceship, Motion) // makes pThis
    TRACE("25 this = %p, pThis = %p\n", this, pThis);  //第25 步
    TRACE("26 m_nPosition = %d\n", pThis->m_nPosition); //第26 步
    TRACE("27 m_nAcceleration = %d\n", pThis->m_nAcceleration);//第27 步
}
int& CSpaceship::XMotion::GetPosition() {
    TRACE("28 Entering CSpaceship::XMotion::GetPosition\n"); //第28 步
    METHOD_PROLOGUE(CSpaceship, Motion) // makes pThis
    TRACE("29 this = %p, pThis = %p\n", this, pThis);        //第29 步
    TRACE("30 m_nPosition = %d\n", pThis->m_nPosition);      //第30 步
    TRACE("31 m_nAcceleration = %d\n", pThis->m_nAcceleration);//第31 步
    return pThis->m_nPosition;
}
BOOL CSpaceship::XVisual::QueryInterface(int nIid, void** ppvObj) {
    TRACE("Entering CSpaceship::XVisual::QueryInterface--nIid =  %d\n", nIid);
    METHOD_PROLOGUE(CSpaceship, Visual) // makes pThis
    return pThis->ExternalQueryInterface(nIid, ppvObj); // delegate to
                                                        //  CSpaceship
}
DWORD CSpaceship::XVisual::Release() {
    TRACE("43 Entering CSpaceship::XVisual::Release\n");  //第43 步
    METHOD_PROLOGUE(CSpaceship, Visual) // makes pThis
    return pThis->ExternalRelease(); // delegate to CSimulatedCmdTarget
}
DWORD CSpaceship::XVisual::AddRef() {
    TRACE("Entering CSpaceship::XVisual::AddRef\n");
    METHOD_PROLOGUE(CSpaceship, Visual) // makes pThis
    return pThis->ExternalAddRef(); // delegate to CSimulatedCmdTarget
}
void CSpaceship::XVisual::Display() {
    TRACE("33 Entering CSpaceship::XVisual::Display\n");  //第33 步
    METHOD_PROLOGUE(CSpaceship, Visual) // makes pThis
    TRACE("34 this = %p, pThis = %p\n", this, pThis);     //第34 步
    TRACE("35 m_nPosition = %d\n", pThis->m_nPosition);   //第35 步
    TRACE("36 m_nColor = %d\n", pThis->m_nColor);         //第36 步
}
//----------simulates COM component ----------------------------------
// In real COM, this would be DllGetClassObject, which would be called
// whenever a client called CoGetClassObject
BOOL GetClassObject(int nClsid, int nIid, void** ppvObj)
{
    ASSERT(nClsid == CLSID_CSpaceship);
    ASSERT((nIid == IID_IUnknown) || (nIid == IID_IClassFactory));
    return g_factory.ExternalQueryInterface(nIid, ppvObj);
    // refcount is 2, which prevents accidental deletion
}