算法描述:
Given a string, find the length of the longest substring without repeating characters.
Example 1:
Input: "abcabcbb"
Output: 3
Explanation: The answer is "abc"
, with the length of 3.
Example 2:
Input: "bbbbb"
Output: 1
Explanation: The answer is "b"
, with the length of 1.
Example 3:
Input: "pwwkew"
Output: 3
Explanation: The answer is "wke"
, with the length of 3.
Note that the answer must be a substring, "pwke"
is a subsequence and not a substring.
解题思路:
这道题首先要区分 substring 和 subsequence 两个概念。substring 必须连续,而subsequence可以不连续。
substring相关的问题首先考虑滑动窗口机制,因此设置两个指针分别指向窗口左边和窗口右边。随着右指针的右移,窗口不断扩大。窗口更新分两种情况:当给定新字符在窗口中没有出现过,则将该字符加入窗口中;当该字符在窗口中出现过,则将窗口左指针更新为窗口中字符所在的位置。字符出现过的位置可以通过在窗口中搜索获得,但这样做显然浪费时间。因此可以用一个map来存放字符和其对应位置指针,算法中通过判断字符位置和左窗口指针的位置关系,以便快速更新。
int lengthOfLongestSubstring(string s){ int res =0; int left = -1; unordered_map<char, int> unmp; for(int i=0; i < s.size(); i++){ if(unmp.find(s[i])!=unmp.end() && left < unmp[s[i]]){ left = unmp[s[i]]; } res = max(res, i - left); unmp[s[i]]=i; } return res; }