java使用DOM操作XML

XML DOM简介

XML DOM 是用于获取、更改、添加或删除 XML 元素的标准。
XML 文档中的每个成分都是一个节点。

• DOM 是这样规定的：

整个文档是一个文档节点
每个 XML 标签是一个元素节点
包含在 XML 元素中的文本是文本节点
每一个 XML 属性是一个属性节点
注释属于注释节点

元素节点不包括文本，元素节点的文本是存储在文本节点中的。

XML 文档的 documentElement 属性是根节点。

在jdk中，Document接口继承自Node接口
Element接口也继承自Node接口

DOM方式读取XML文件

项目目录结构图：

config包下language.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<languages cat = "it">
    <lan id = "1">
        <name>java</name>
        <ide>Eclipse</ide>
    </lan>
    <lan id = "2">
        <name>swift</name>
        <ide>XCode</ide>
    </lan>
    <lan id = "3">
        <name>C#</name>
        <ide>Visual Studio</ide>
    </lan>
</languages>

ReadXML.java

import java.io.File;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

public class ReadXML {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); 
            Document document = builder.parse(new File("src/config/language.xml"));//解析文档
            Element root = document.getDocumentElement(); //获取根节点
            System.out.println("language=" + root.getAttribute("cat"));
            System.out.println("-------------");
            NodeList list = root.getElementsByTagName("lan");//获取根节点的标签名为“lan”的子节点
            for (int i = 0; i < list.getLength(); i ++) {
                Element lan =  (Element) list.item(i);  //遍历得到每个"lan"节点
                System.out.println(lan.getTagName()+ "=" + lan.getAttribute("id"));
                NodeList lanList = lan.getChildNodes();  //获取“lan”节点的子节点
                for (int j = 0; j < lanList.getLength(); j++) {
                    Node node = lanList.item(j);
                    if (node instanceof Element) {
                        System.out.println(node.getNodeName()+"="+node.getTextContent());
                    }
                }
                System.out.println("*****************");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

控制台输出如下：

language=it
-------------
lan=1
name=java
ide=Eclipse
*****************
lan=2
name=swift
ide=XCode
*****************
lan=3
name=C#
ide=Visual Studio
*****************

DOM方式创建XML文件

项目结构图如下：


CreateXML.java文件

import java.io.File;
import java.io.StringWriter;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;

public class CreateXML {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document document = builder.newDocument();
            Element languages = document.createElement("languages");
            languages.setAttribute("cat", "it");
            Element lan_1 = document.createElement("lan");
            lan_1.setAttribute("id", "1");
            Element name_1 = document.createElement("name");
            name_1.setTextContent("Java");
            Element ide_1 = document.createElement("ide");
            ide_1.setTextContent("Eclipse");

            lan_1.appendChild(name_1);
            lan_1.appendChild(ide_1);

            languages.appendChild(lan_1);
            document.appendChild(languages);

            //将构建好的xml输出
            TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
            Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer();

            //输出到控制台
            StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
            transformer.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(writer));
            System.out.println(writer.toString());

            //输出到文件
            transformer.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(new File("language.xml")));

        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TransformerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

控制台输出如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><languages cat="it"><lan id="1"><name>Java</name><ide>Eclipse</ide></lan></languages>

运行之后刷新项目目录，可看到已经产生language.xml文件：


language.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<languages cat="it">
    <lan id="1">
        <name>Java</name>
        <ide>Eclipse</ide>
    </lan>
</languages>

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/lolau/p/7157902.html