java——通过 DOM 操作 XML

1. 加载 DOM 对象

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;

public class Demo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();

        DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();

        Document document = builder.parse("./res/stus.xml");
    }
}

2. 遍历 XML 文件

代码：

    public static void allEle(Node node){

        NodeList chileNode = node.getChildNodes();//获取子节点

        int length = chileNode.getLength();

        if(length == 0){    // 没有子节点

            System.out.print(node.getNodeValue());//输出node中的内容

        }else{
            System.out.print("<"+node.getNodeName());

            NamedNodeMap nnm = node.getAttributes();

            if(nnm.getLength() != 0){
                for (int i = 0; i < nnm.getLength(); i++) {
                    Node node2 =  nnm.item(i);
                    System.out.print(" "+node2.getNodeName());
                    System.out.print("=\""+node2.getNodeValue()+"\"");
                }
            }
            System.out.print(">");
            for (int i = 0; i <length ; i++) {
                allEle(chileNode.item(i));
            }
            System.out.println("</"+node.getNodeName()+">");
        }
    }

3. 修改 DOM 并保存 XML 文件

修改前 XML 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<stus>
    <stu>
        <name id="1">张三</name>
        <age>18</age>
        <sex>女</sex>
    </stu>
</stus>

代码：

package com.zth;

import org.w3c.dom.*;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;


/**
 * DOM 修改 XML 文件后写入磁盘
 */
public class Demo04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();

        DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
        Document document = documentBuilder.parse("res/stus.xml");


        Element stus = (Element) document.getElementsByTagName("stus").item(0);

        Element e = document.createElement("stu");
        stus.appendChild(e);
        Element newstu = (Element) document.getElementsByTagName("stus").item(0).getLastChild();
        Element name = document.createElement("name");
        Element age = document.createElement("age");
        Element sex = document.createElement("sex");

        name.setAttribute("id", "2");

        Text nameText = document.createTextNode("咯咯");
        Text ageText = document.createTextNode("18");
        Text sexText = document.createTextNode("女");

        newstu.appendChild(name);
        newstu.appendChild(age);
        newstu.appendChild(sex);

        name.appendChild(nameText);
        age.appendChild(ageText);
        sex.appendChild(sexText);

        saveXML(document);

    }

    public static void saveXML(Document document) throws Exception {
        TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();

        Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer();
        DOMSource domSource = new DOMSource(document);

        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("res/stus1.xml");
        StreamResult streamResult = new StreamResult(out);

        transformer.transform(domSource, streamResult);

        out.close();

    }

}

修改后：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?><stus>
    <stu>
        <name id="1">张三</name>
        <age>18</age>
        <sex>女</sex>
    </stu>
<stu><name id="2">咯咯</name><age>18</age><sex>女</sex></stu></stus>