此文使用的ibeacon模块是april beacon。至于什么是ibeacon。本文不做解释,详细请自查。
一个april beacon里携带的信息例如以下
0201061AFF4C0002159069BDB88C11416BAC3F33468C2788A3044B0378C60C09417072696C426561636F6E051250002003020A0000000000000000000000
详细是什么意思呢
02 Number of bytes that follow in first AD structure
01 Flags AD type
06
Flags value 0x1A = 000011010
bit 0 (OFF) LE Limited Discoverable Mode
bit 1 (ON) LE General Discoverable Mode
bit 2 (OFF) BR/EDR Not Supported
bit 3 (ON) Simultaneous LE and BR/EDR to Same Device Capable (controller)
bit 4 (ON) Simultaneous LE and BR/EDR to Same Device Capable (Host)
1a Number of bytes that follow in second (and last) AD structure
前面是常规智能硬件广播包部分
ff (FF代表后面是Manufacture Data)
4c 00 (组织标识,0x4c00苹果公司标识,https://www.bluetooth.org/en-us/specification/assigned-numbers/company-identifiers)
02 (0x02 ibeacon标识位)
15 (0x15,22个字节标识长度,uuid,major。minor总和的长度)
90 69 bd b8-8c 11-41 6b-ac 3f-33 46 8c 27 88 a3 (Proximity UUID)
04 4b(1099,major)
03 78(888,minor)
c6 (切记这里是补码,转化为原码就是-58,iBeacon的信号发出强度值。用来作为和RSSI一起測距的基准 ,txPower)
计算
C6
1100 0110 补码
1100 0101 反码
1011 1010 原码
-(32+16+8+2)
-58
0c09 (未知)
417072696c426561636f6e(AprilBeacon字符串相应的十六进制)
051250002003020a0000000000000000000000(未知)
Proximity UUID :这是将你全部的beacon与其他人的beacon设备差别开的id!比如,眼下在商店里某个区域分布着多个beacon形成一条“链带”,用于为顾客提供特定的服务,那么归属于同一条“链带”的beacon将分配到同样的proximity UUID。
为这条“链带”设计的专用应用程序将会在后台使用这个UUID扫描到这条“链带”中的beacon设备。
major 编号:用于将相关的beacon标识为一组。比如,一个商店中的全部beacon将会分配到同样的major编号。
通过这样的方式,应用程序就能够知道顾客位于哪一家商店。
minor 标号:用于标识特定的beacon设备。比如一个商店中的每个beacon设备都拥有唯一的minor编号。这样你才干够知道顾客位于商店中的哪个位置。
Measuring distance(測量距离)
最后一个值。 TX power ,用于确定你和beacon之间距离有多近。依据这个值不但能够获得粗略的信息(比方靠近/远离/不在范围内等)。也能够获取精确到米的距离(当然你也能够转换为以步为单位的距离)。
那么怎样实现?
TX power (上面样例中为0xC6=198,依据2的补码測得256-198=-58dBm)是距离设备1米測得的信号强度值(RSSI- Received Signal Strength Indication。接收到的信号强弱指标)。假如接收到的信号强度减弱了,那么我们可能在远离。仅仅要知道1米距离的RSSI。以及当前的RSSI(我们能够从接收到的信号中一块获取到这些信息),那么计算出当前的距离是可能的。IOS已经实现了个这个功能,对于其他平台须要自己手动编码计算 。
一个简单的測距函数
protected static double calculateAccuracy(int txPower, double rssi) {
if (rssi == 0) {
return -1.0; // if we cannot determine accuracy, return -1.
}
double ratio = rssi * 1.0 / txPower;
if (ratio < 1.0) {
return Math.pow(ratio, 10);
} else {
double accuracy = (0.89976) * Math.pow(ratio, 7.7095) + 0.111;
return accuracy;
}
}
在使用蓝牙时须要加权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
关键代码例如以下
package cn.edu.zafu.ble;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || !mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
Intent enableBluetooth = new Intent(
BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableBluetooth, 1);
}
mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
}
private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {
@Override
public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, final int rssi,
final byte[] scanRecord) {
int startByte = 2;
boolean patternFound = false;
// 寻找ibeacon
while (startByte <= 5) {
if (((int) scanRecord[startByte + 2] & 0xff) == 0x02 && // Identifies
// an
// iBeacon
((int) scanRecord[startByte + 3] & 0xff) == 0x15) { // Identifies
// correct
// data
// length
patternFound = true;
break;
}
startByte++;
}
// 假设找到了的话
if (patternFound) {
// 转换为16进制
byte[] uuidBytes = new byte[16];
System.arraycopy(scanRecord, startByte + 4, uuidBytes, 0, 16);
String hexString = bytesToHex(uuidBytes);
// ibeacon的UUID值
String uuid = hexString.substring(0, 8) + "-"
+ hexString.substring(8, 12) + "-"
+ hexString.substring(12, 16) + "-"
+ hexString.substring(16, 20) + "-"
+ hexString.substring(20, 32);
// ibeacon的Major值
int major = (scanRecord[startByte + 20] & 0xff) * 0x100
+ (scanRecord[startByte + 21] & 0xff);
// ibeacon的Minor值
int minor = (scanRecord[startByte + 22] & 0xff) * 0x100
+ (scanRecord[startByte + 23] & 0xff);
String ibeaconName = device.getName();
String mac = device.getAddress();
int txPower = (scanRecord[startByte + 24]);
Log.d("BLE",bytesToHex(scanRecord));
Log.d("BLE", "Name:" + ibeaconName + "\nMac:" + mac
+ " \nUUID:" + uuid + "\nMajor:" + major + "\nMinor:"
+ minor + "\nTxPower:" + txPower + "\nrssi:" + rssi);
Log.d("BLE","distance:"+calculateAccuracy(txPower,rssi));
}
}
};
static final char[] hexArray = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
private static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
for (int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++) {
int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4];
hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F];
}
return new String(hexChars);
}
protected static double calculateAccuracy(int txPower, double rssi) {
if (rssi == 0) {
return -1.0; // if we cannot determine accuracy, return -1.
}
double ratio = rssi * 1.0 / txPower;
if (ratio < 1.0) {
return Math.pow(ratio, 10);
} else {
double accuracy = (0.89976) * Math.pow(ratio, 7.7095) + 0.111;
return accuracy;
}
}
}
至此,本文也就结束,所谓初步,就是获取ibeacon模块的基本信息。