JDBC 通用的查询方法(能过获取任何的数据库对象):
例如:获取一个Student 对象时(获取的对象不同时,代码会有所不同,但大体相似【下面会讨论通用的查询方法】):
/**
* 查询Student对象
*/
public class Student {
private int flowid;
private int type;
private String idcard;
private String examcard;
private String studentname;
private String location;
private int grade;
}
通用的查询方法:
ResultSetMetaData:是描述ResultSet 的元数据对象,即从中可以获取到结果集中有多少列,列名是什么
how:1.得到ResultSetMetaData 对象:调用 ResultSet 的 getMetaData()方法
2.ResultSet有哪些方法:
int getColumnCount(): SQL 语句中包含哪些列
String getColumnLabel(int column):获取指定的列的列名,其中索引从 1开始
@Test
public void testGet(){
String sql = "SELECT flow_id flowid, type, id_card idcard," +
" exam_card examcard,"
+ "student_name studentname, location, grade " + "FROM examstudent "
+ "WHERE flow_id = ?";
Student student = get(Student.class, sql, 7);
//System.out.println(sql);
System.out.println(student);
}
1.先利用 SQL 进行查询,得到结果集
2.利用反射创建实体类的对象,创建Student对象
3.获取结果集列的别名
4.再获取结果集的每一列的值,结合 3 得到一个Map,键:列的别名;值: 列的值。
5.再利用反射为 2 的对应的属性赋值:属性即为 Map 的键,值即为Map的值
/**
* 通用的查询方法:可以根据传入的 SQL, Class 对象 返回 SQL对应的记录的对象
* @param clazz:描述对象的类型
* @param sql: SQL语句
* @param args:填充占位符的可变参数。
* @return
*/
public <T> T get(Class<T> clazz, String sql, Object...args){
T entity = null;
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
ResultSet resultSet = null;
try {
connection = JDBCTools.GetConnection();
preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
for(int i = 0; i < args.length; i++){
preparedStatement.setObject(i+1, args[i]);
}
resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
Map<String, Object> values=
new HashMap<String, Object>();
ResultSetMetaData rsmd = resultSet.getMetaData();
if(resultSet.next()){
for(int i = 0; i < rsmd.getColumnCount(); i++){
String columnLabel = rsmd.getColumnLabel(i + 1);
Object columnValue = resultSet.getObject(i + 1);
values.put(columnLabel, columnValue);
}
}
if(values.size() > 0){
entity = clazz.newInstance();
for(Map.Entry<String, Object> entry: values.entrySet()){
String fieldName = entry.getKey();
Object fieldValue = entry.getValue();
ReflectionUtils.setFieldValue(entity, fieldName, fieldValue);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
JDBCTools.release(resultSet, preparedStatement, connection);
}
return entity;
}
/**
* 反射的 Utils 函数集合
* 提供访问私有变量, 获取泛型类型 Class, 提取集合中元素属性等 Utils 函数
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class ReflectionUtils {
/**
* 通过反射, 获得定义 Class 时声明的父类的泛型参数的类型
* 如: public EmployeeDao extends BaseDao<Employee, String>
* @param clazz
* @param index
* @return
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static Class getSuperClassGenricType(Class clazz, int index){
Type genType = clazz.getGenericSuperclass();
if(!(genType instanceof ParameterizedType)){
return Object.class;
}
Type [] params = ((ParameterizedType)genType).getActualTypeArguments();
if(index >= params.length || index < 0){
return Object.class;
}
if(!(params[index] instanceof Class)){
return Object.class;
}
return (Class) params[index];
}
/**
* 通过反射, 获得 Class 定义中声明的父类的泛型参数类型
* 如: public EmployeeDao extends BaseDao<Employee, String>
* @param <T>
* @param clazz
* @return
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static<T> Class<T> getSuperGenericType(Class clazz){
return getSuperClassGenricType(clazz, 0);
}
/**
* 循环向上转型, 获取对象的 DeclaredMethod
* @param object
* @param methodName
* @param parameterTypes
* @return
*/
public static Method getDeclaredMethod(Object object, String methodName, Class<?>[] parameterTypes){
for(Class<?> superClass = object.getClass(); superClass != Object.class; superClass = superClass.getSuperclass()){
try {
//superClass.getMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);
return superClass.getDeclaredMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
//Method 不在当前类定义, 继续向上转型
}
//..
}
return null;
}
/**
* 使 filed 变为可访问
* @param field
*/
public static void makeAccessible(Field field){
if(!Modifier.isPublic(field.getModifiers())){
field.setAccessible(true);
}
}
/**
* 循环向上转型, 获取对象的 DeclaredField
* @param object
* @param filedName
* @return
*/
public static Field getDeclaredField(Object object, String filedName){
for(Class<?> superClass = object.getClass(); superClass != Object.class; superClass = superClass.getSuperclass()){
try {
return superClass.getDeclaredField(filedName);
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
//Field 不在当前类定义, 继续向上转型
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 直接调用对象方法, 而忽略修饰符(private, protected)
* @param object
* @param methodName
* @param parameterTypes
* @param parameters
* @return
* @throws InvocationTargetException
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
*/
public static Object invokeMethod(Object object, String methodName, Class<?> [] parameterTypes,
Object [] parameters) throws InvocationTargetException{
Method method = getDeclaredMethod(object, methodName, parameterTypes);
if(method == null){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not find method [" + methodName + "] on target [" + object + "]");
}
method.setAccessible(true);
try {
return method.invoke(object, parameters);
} catch(IllegalAccessException e) {
System.out.println("不可能抛出的异常");
}
return null;
}
/**
* 直接设置对象属性值, 忽略 private/protected 修饰符, 也不经过 setter
* @param object
* @param fieldName
* @param value
*/
public static void setFieldValue(Object object, String fieldName, Object value){
Field field = getDeclaredField(object, fieldName);
if (field == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not find field [" + fieldName + "] on target [" + object + "]");
makeAccessible(field);
try {
field.set(object, value);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
System.out.println("不可能抛出的异常");
}
}
/**
* 直接读取对象的属性值, 忽略 private/protected 修饰符, 也不经过 getter
* @param object
* @param fieldName
* @return
*/
public static Object getFieldValue(Object object, String fieldName){
Field field = getDeclaredField(object, fieldName);
if (field == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not find field [" + fieldName + "] on target [" + object + "]");
makeAccessible(field);
Object result = null;
try {
result = field.get(object);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
System.out.println("不可能抛出的异常");
}
return result;
}