STP生成树协议的配置

实验拓扑图：

 

实验过程

 

1.启动sw1和sw2，查看sw1的生成树状态

 

sw1#show spanning-tree brief   VLAN1   Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee   Root ID    Priority    32768              Address     cc02.070c.0000               This bridge is the root   //sw1是根桥              Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec     Bridge ID   Priority    32768    //BID由优先级和MAC地址组成              Address     cc02.070c.0000              Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec              Aging Time 300   Interface                                   Designated Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID -------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- ------- FastEthernet0/1      128.2    128    19 FWD     0 32768 cc02.070c.0000 128.2  FastEthernet0/2      128.3    128    19 FWD     0 32768 cc02.070c.0000 128.3

说明：通过以上可以看到sw1是根桥，它的两个端口都是指定端口，并且处于转发状态。

 

2.查看sw2的生成树状态

 

sw2#show spanning-tree brief   VLAN1   Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee   Root ID    Priority    32768              Address     cc02.070c.0000              Cost        19              Port        2 (FastEthernet0/1)              Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec     Bridge ID  Priority    32768  //桥优先级默认是32768，可以修改             Address     cc03.070c.0000              Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec              Aging Time 300   Interface                                   Designated Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID -------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- ------- FastEthernet0/1      128.2    128    19 FWD     0 32768 cc02.070c.0000 128.2  FastEthernet0/2      128.3    128    19 BLK     0 32768 cc02.070c.0000 128.3

说明：sw2是非根桥，它有一个端口处于阻塞状态，不进行数据包的转发。

 

3.分析

 

1.选举根桥 在优先级（默认32768）相同的情况下选择MAC地址小的为RB，所以sw1成为RB。 2.选举根端口 比较顺序：cost最小+BID最小+端口优先级+本地最小端口号 sw2到sw1的cost都是19，BID也相同，端口优先级都是128，由于f0/1比f0/2小，所有f0/1成为RP。 3.选举指定端口 sw1的f0/1和f0/2是DP。 4.选举非指派端口 sw2的f0/2是NDP

 

4.把sw2修改成 root primary

 

sw2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 root primary //指定sw2为vlan 1的根桥  VLAN 1 bridge priority set to 8192  VLAN 1 bridge max aging time unchanged at 20  VLAN 1 bridge hello time unchanged at 2  VLAN 1 bridge forward delay unchanged at 15

 

5.再次查看sw1生成树状态

 

sw1#show spanning-tree brief   VLAN1   Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee   Root ID    Priority    8192              Address     cc03.070c.0000              Cost        19              Port        2 (FastEthernet0/1)              Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec     Bridge ID  Priority    32768              Address     cc02.070c.0000              Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec              Aging Time 300   Interface                                   Designated Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID -------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- ------- FastEthernet0/1      128.2    128    19 FWD     0  8192 cc03.070c.0000 128.2  FastEthernet0/2      128.3    128    19 BLK     0  8192 cc03.070c.0000 128.3

 

6.查看sw2生成树状态

 

sw2#show spanning-tree brief   VLAN1   Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee   Root ID    Priority    8192              Address   cc03.070c.0000             This bridge is the root  //sw2把自己的优先级修改成8192，优先级比sw1小，优先变成RB              Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec     Bridge ID  Priority    8192              Address     cc03.070c.0000              Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec              Aging Time 300   Interface                                   Designated Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID -------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- ------- FastEthernet0/1      128.2    128    19 FWD     0  8192 cc03.070c.0000 128.2  FastEthernet0/2      128.3    128    19 FWD     0  8192 cc03.070c.0000 128.3

 

7.再次修改sw1的优先级为0

 

sw1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 0

 

8.查看sw1的生成树状态

 

sw1#show spanning-tree brief   VLAN1   Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee   Root ID    Priority    0              Address     cc02.070c.0000              This bridge is the root  //由于sw1的优先级比sw2的小，所以sw1又成为RB              Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec     Bridge ID  Priority    0              Address     cc02.070c.0000              Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec              Aging Time 300   Interface                                   Designated Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID -------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- ------- FastEthernet0/1      128.2    128    19 FWD     0     0 cc02.070c.0000 128.2  FastEthernet0/2      128.3    128    19 FWD     0     0 cc02.070c.0000 128.3

 

9.查看sw2的生成树状态

 

sw2#show spanning-tree brief   VLAN1   Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee   Root ID    Priority    0              Address     cc02.070c.0000              Cost        19              Port        2 (FastEthernet0/1)              Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec     Bridge ID  Priority    8192              Address     cc03.070c.0000              Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec              Aging Time 300   Interface                                   Designated Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID -------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- ------- FastEthernet0/1      128.2    128    19 FWD     0     0 cc02.070c.0000 128.2  FastEthernet0/2      128.3    128    19 BLK     0     0 cc02.070c.0000 128.3

 

10.再次把sw2修改成 root primary

 

sw2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 root primary % Unable to make this switch the root of VLAN1 spanning tree    because root cc02.070c.0000 has priority 0  //由于sw1的优先级已经变成0了，sw2已经无法把自己的优先级变得更小去抢根桥。

 

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/mxn19871215/482759