我使用的是STM32的固件库。
硬件模块使用之前必须配置其参数,I2C的配置如下:
void IIC_Config(void) { GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure; I2C_InitTypeDef I2C_InitStructure; RCC_ClocksTypeDef rcc_clocks; /* GPIO Peripheral clock enable */ RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOA|RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOB|RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOC, ENABLE); RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_I2C1|RCC_APB1Periph_I2C2|RCC_APB1Periph_I2C3, ENABLE); /* Reset I2Cx IP */ RCC_APB1PeriphResetCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_I2C1|RCC_APB1Periph_I2C2|RCC_APB1Periph_I2C3, ENABLE); /* Release reset signal of I2Cx IP */ RCC_APB1PeriphResetCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_I2C1|RCC_APB1Periph_I2C2|RCC_APB1Periph_I2C3, DISABLE); /*I2C1 configuration*/ GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOB, GPIO_PinSource6, GPIO_AF_I2C1); //注意,此处不能合并写成GPIO_PinSource6|GPIO_PinSource7 GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOB, GPIO_PinSource7, GPIO_AF_I2C1); //PB6: I2C1_SCL PB7: I2C1_SDA GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6|GPIO_Pin_7; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_OD; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL; GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure); /* I2C Struct Initialize */ I2C_DeInit(I2C1); I2C_InitStructure.I2C_Mode = I2C_Mode_I2C; I2C_InitStructure.I2C_DutyCycle = I2C_DutyCycle_2; I2C_InitStructure.I2C_OwnAddress1 = 0x00; I2C_InitStructure.I2C_Ack = I2C_Ack_Enable; I2C_InitStructure.I2C_ClockSpeed = 100000; I2C_InitStructure.I2C_AcknowledgedAddress = I2C_AcknowledgedAddress_7bit; I2C_Init(I2C1, &I2C_InitStructure); /* I2C Initialize */ I2C_Cmd(I2C1, ENABLE); /*I2C2 configuration*/ GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOB, GPIO_PinSource10, GPIO_AF_I2C2); //注意,此处不能合并写成GPIO_PinSource6|GPIO_PinSource7 GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOB, GPIO_PinSource11, GPIO_AF_I2C2); //PB10: I2C2_SCL PB11: I2C2_SDA GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10|GPIO_Pin_11; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_OD; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL; GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure); /* I2C Struct Initialize */ I2C_DeInit(I2C2); I2C_InitStructure.I2C_Mode = I2C_Mode_I2C; I2C_InitStructure.I2C_DutyCycle = I2C_DutyCycle_2; I2C_InitStructure.I2C_OwnAddress1 = 0x00; I2C_InitStructure.I2C_Ack = I2C_Ack_Enable; I2C_InitStructure.I2C_ClockSpeed = 100000; I2C_InitStructure.I2C_AcknowledgedAddress = I2C_AcknowledgedAddress_7bit; I2C_Init(I2C2, &I2C_InitStructure); /* I2C Initialize */ I2C_Cmd(I2C2, ENABLE); /*I2C3 configuration*/ GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOA, GPIO_PinSource8, GPIO_AF_I2C3); GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOC, GPIO_PinSource9, GPIO_AF_I2C3); //PA8: I2C3_SCL GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_8; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_OD; GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL; GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure); //PC9: I2C3_SDA GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9; GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStructure); /* I2C Struct Initialize */ I2C_DeInit(I2C3); I2C_InitStructure.I2C_Mode = I2C_Mode_I2C; I2C_InitStructure.I2C_DutyCycle = I2C_DutyCycle_2; I2C_InitStructure.I2C_OwnAddress1 = 0x00; I2C_InitStructure.I2C_Ack = I2C_Ack_Enable; I2C_InitStructure.I2C_ClockSpeed = 100000; I2C_InitStructure.I2C_AcknowledgedAddress = I2C_AcknowledgedAddress_7bit; I2C_Init(I2C3, &I2C_InitStructure); /* I2C Initialize */ I2C_Cmd(I2C3, ENABLE); /*超时设置*/ RCC_GetClocksFreq(&rcc_clocks); ulTimeOut_Time = (rcc_clocks.SYSCLK_Frequency /10000); }
注意,I2C一定要加上超时的设置,否则当IIC总线出错时,没有超时检测可能造成MCU卡死在这里。
STM32F407的硬件I2C读一个字节与STM32F103类似,代码如下:
unsigned char I2C_Err=0; uint8_t I2C_ReadOneByte(I2C_TypeDef *I2Cx,uint8_t I2C_Addr,uint8_t Reg_addr) { uint8_t readout; u32 tmr; tmr = ulTimeOut_Time; while((--tmr)&&I2C_GetFlagStatus(I2Cx, I2C_FLAG_BUSY)); if(tmr==0) I2C_Err = 1; I2C_GenerateSTART(I2Cx, ENABLE); //发送I2C的START信号,接口自动从从设备编程主设备 tmr = ulTimeOut_Time; while((--tmr)&&(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2Cx, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_MODE_SELECT))); if(tmr==0) I2C_Err = 1; I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2Cx,I2C_Addr,I2C_Direction_Transmitter); tmr = ulTimeOut_Time; while((--tmr)&&(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2Cx,I2C_EVENT_MASTER_TRANSMITTER_MODE_SELECTED))); if(tmr==0) I2C_Err = 1; I2C_SendData(I2Cx, Reg_addr); tmr = ulTimeOut_Time; while((--tmr)&&(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2Cx,I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_TRANSMITTED))); if(tmr==0) I2C_Err = 1; I2C_GenerateSTART(I2Cx, ENABLE); tmr = ulTimeOut_Time; while((--tmr)&&(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2Cx, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_MODE_SELECT))); if(tmr==0) I2C_Err = 1; I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2Cx, I2C_Addr, I2C_Direction_Receiver); tmr = ulTimeOut_Time; while((--tmr)&&(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2Cx, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_RECEIVER_MODE_SELECTED))); if(tmr==0) I2C_Err = 1; I2C_AcknowledgeConfig(I2Cx, DISABLE); I2C_GenerateSTOP(I2Cx, ENABLE); tmr = ulTimeOut_Time; while((--tmr)&&(!(I2C_CheckEvent(I2Cx, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_RECEIVED)))); /* EV7 */ if(tmr==0) I2C_Err = 1; readout = I2C_ReceiveData(I2Cx); I2C_AcknowledgeConfig(I2Cx, ENABLE); return readout; }
I2C_ReadOneByte函数输入参数有3个,分别是:I2Cx,表示使用的I2C编号,I2C_addr,表示从设备的I2C地址,reg_addr,表示要读取的从设备寄存器地址。I2C_ReadOneByte的返回值就是I2C总线上读取到的数据。读I2C数据后需要检查I2C_Err是否为0,若为0,表示读取I2C数据时出错(超时),读到的数据可能不正确。
向从设备写入一个字节的数据,代码如下:
unsigned char I2C_Err=0; void I2C_WriteOneByte(I2C_TypeDef *I2Cx,uint8_t I2C_Addr,uint8_t Reg_addr,uint8_t value) { u32 tmr; tmr = ulTimeOut_Time; while(I2C_GetFlagStatus(I2Cx, I2C_FLAG_BUSY)); while((--tmr)&&I2C_GetFlagStatus(I2Cx, I2C_FLAG_BUSY)); if(tmr==0) I2C_Err = 1; I2C_GenerateSTART(I2Cx, ENABLE); tmr = ulTimeOut_Time; while((--tmr)&&(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2Cx, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_MODE_SELECT))); if(tmr==0) I2C_Err = 1; I2C_Send7bitAddress(I2Cx, I2C_Addr, I2C_Direction_Transmitter); tmr = ulTimeOut_Time; while((--tmr)&&(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2Cx, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_TRANSMITTER_MODE_SELECTED))); if(tmr==0) I2C_Err = 1; I2C_SendData(I2Cx, Reg_addr); tmr = ulTimeOut_Time; while((--tmr)&&(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2Cx, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_TRANSMITTED))); if(tmr==0) I2C_Err = 1; I2C_SendData(I2Cx, value); tmr = ulTimeOut_Time; while((--tmr)&&(!I2C_CheckEvent(I2Cx, I2C_EVENT_MASTER_BYTE_TRANSMITTED))); if(tmr==0) I2C_Err = 1; I2C_GenerateSTOP(I2Cx, ENABLE); //I2C_AcknowledgeConfig(I2Cx, DISABLE); }
写I2C函数比读仅多了一个输入参数,即要写入的数据。同理,在函数执行完成后,需要检查I2C_Err是否为0以判断I2C是否出错。
有了读1个字节和写入1个字节的函数,当需要一次性读或写多个数据时,可以在上述函数的基础上扩展多字节操作。