作者：Huatian
github：https://github.com/Huatian
邮箱： 773512457@qq.com
平台：Fedora 25 (64bit)
大体思路
- 创建一个负责解码数据包的线程;然后将数据包添加到队列中,并由相应的音频和视频的线程读取。
- 音频通过SDL的音频回调函数进行循环解码并播放。
- 视频处理不同于音频，我们将我们将把视频显示和事件循环放在一起,而不是每次循环显示视频。解码视频,把产生的帧存到另一个队列里,然后创建一个自定义事件(FF_REFRESH_EVENT)并添加到事件系统里。那么当事件循环看到这个事件时,它将显示队列中的下一帧。
流程图
--- 摘自 dranger 的教程：
移动视频循环到事件里的主要意图是使用 SDL_Delay 线程,让我们可以控制在屏幕是显示下一帧的确切时
间。
代码：
注：代码量较多，可到文末的下载地址就行下载。
#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libavformat/avio.h>
#include <libswscale/swscale.h>
#include <libswresample/swresample.h>
#include <libavutil/samplefmt.h>
#include <libavutil/mathematics.h>
#include <libavutil/avstring.h>
#include <SDL/SDL.h>
#include <SDL/SDL_thread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#define SDL_AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
#define SDL_AUDIO_FRAME_SIZE 192000
#define MAX_AUDIOQ_SIZE (5 * 16 *1024)
#define MAX_VIDEOQ_SIZE (5 * 256 * 1024)
#define FF_ALLOC_EVENT (SDL_USEREVENT)
#define FF_REFRESH_EVENT (SDL_USEREVENT + 1)
#define FF_QUIT_EVENT (SDL_USEREVENT + 2)
#define VIDEO_PICTURE_QUEUE_SIZE 1
#define FIX_INPUT 0
typedef struct PacketQueue
{
AVPacketList *first_pkt, *last_pkt;
int nb_packets;
int size;
SDL_mutex *mutex;
SDL_cond *cond;
} PacketQueue;
typedef struct VideoPicture
{
SDL_Overlay *bmp;
int width, height;
int allocated;
} VideoPicture;
typedef struct VideoState
{
AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx;
int videoStream, audioStream;
AVStream *audio_st;
PacketQueue audioq;
uint8_t audio_buf[(192000 * 3) / 2];
unsigned int audio_buf_size;
unsigned int audio_buf_index;
AVFrame audio_frame, wanted_frame;
AVPacket audio_pkt;
uint8_t *audio_pkt_data;
int audio_pkt_size;
AVStream *video_st;
PacketQueue videoq;
VideoPicture pictq[VIDEO_PICTURE_QUEUE_SIZE];
int pictq_size, pictq_rindex, pictq_windex;
SDL_mutex *pictq_mutex;
SDL_cond *pictq_cond;
SDL_Thread *parse_tid;
SDL_Thread *video_tid;
char filename[1024];
int quit;
AVIOContext *io_context;
struct SwsContext *sws_ctx;
} VideoState;
SDL_Surface *screen;
VideoState *global_video_state;
void packet_queue_init(PacketQueue *q)
{
memset(q, 0, sizeof(PacketQueue));
q->mutex = SDL_CreateMutex();
q->cond = SDL_CreateCond();
}
int packet_queue_put(PacketQueue *q, AVPacket *pkt)
{
AVPacketList *pkt_list;
if(av_dup_packet(pkt) < 0)
{
return -1;
}
pkt_list = av_malloc(sizeof(AVPacketList));
if(!pkt_list)
return -1;
pkt_list->pkt = *pkt;
pkt_list->next = NULL;
SDL_LockMutex(q->mutex);
if(!q->last_pkt)
q->first_pkt = pkt_list;
else
q->last_pkt->next = pkt_list;
q->last_pkt = pkt_list;
q->nb_packets++;
q->size += pkt->size;
SDL_CondSignal(q->cond);
SDL_UnlockMutex(q->mutex);
return 0;
}
static int packet_queue_get(PacketQueue *q, AVPacket *pkt, int block)
{
AVPacketList *pkt_list;
int ret;
SDL_LockMutex(q->mutex);
for(;;)
{
if(global_video_state->quit)
{
ret = -1;
break;
}
pkt_list = q->first_pkt;
if(pkt_list)
{
q->first_pkt = pkt_list->next;
if(!q->first_pkt)
q->last_pkt = NULL;
q->nb_packets--;
q->size -= pkt_list->pkt.size;
*pkt = pkt_list->pkt;
av_free(pkt_list);
ret = 1;
break;
}
else if(!block)
{
ret = 0;
break;
}
else
{
SDL_CondWait(q->cond, q->mutex);
}
}
SDL_UnlockMutex(q->mutex);
return ret;
}
int audio_decode_frame(VideoState *is)
{
AVPacket *pkt = &is->audio_pkt;
int len1, data_size = 0;
SwrContext *swr_ctx = NULL;
int resampled_data_size;
uint8_t *buf = &is->audio_buf;
AVFrame *frame = &is->audio_frame;
for(;;)
{
if(pkt->data)
av_free_packet(pkt);
if(is->quit)
{
return -1;
}
if(packet_queue_get(&is->audioq, pkt, 1) < 0)
{
return -1;
}
is->audio_pkt_size = pkt->size;
while(is->audio_pkt_size > 0)
{
int got_frame = 0;
len1 = avcodec_decode_audio4(is->audio_st->codec, &is->audio_frame, &got_frame, pkt);
if(len1 < 0)
{
is->audio_pkt_size = 0;
break;
}
is->audio_pkt_size -= len1;
if(!got_frame)
continue;
if (is->audio_frame.channels > 0 && is->audio_frame.channel_layout == 0)
is->audio_frame.channel_layout = av_get_default_channel_layout(is->audio_frame.channels);
else if (is->audio_frame.channels == 0 && is->audio_frame.channel_layout > 0)
is->audio_frame.channels = av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(is->audio_frame.channel_layout);
/**
* 接下来判断我们之前设置SDL时设置的声音格式(AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16)，声道布局，
* 采样频率，每个AVFrame的每个声道采样数与
* 得到的该AVFrame分别是否相同，如有任意不同，我们就需要swr_convert该AvFrame，
* 然后才能符合之前设置好的SDL的需要，才能播放
*/
if(is->audio_frame.format != is->wanted_frame.format
|| is->audio_frame.channel_layout != is->wanted_frame.channel_layout
|| is->audio_frame.sample_rate != is->wanted_frame.sample_rate
|| is->audio_frame.nb_samples != SDL_AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE)
{
if (swr_ctx != NULL)
{
swr_free(&swr_ctx);
swr_ctx = NULL;
}
swr_ctx = swr_alloc_set_opts(NULL, is->wanted_frame.channel_layout, (enum AVSampleFormat)is->wanted_frame.format, is->wanted_frame.sample_rate,
is->audio_frame.channel_layout, (enum AVSampleFormat)is->audio_frame.format, is->audio_frame.sample_rate, 0, NULL);
if (swr_ctx == NULL || swr_init(swr_ctx) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "swr_init failed: \n" );
break;
}
}
if(swr_ctx)
{
int dst_nb_samples = av_rescale_rnd(swr_get_delay(swr_ctx, is->audio_frame.sample_rate) + is->audio_frame.nb_samples,
is->wanted_frame.sample_rate, is->wanted_frame.format, AV_ROUND_INF);
/**
* 转换该AVFrame到设置好的SDL需要的样子，有些旧的代码示例最主要就是少了这一部分，
* 往往一些音频能播，一些不能播，这就是原因，比如有些源文件音频恰巧是AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16的。
* swr_convert 返回的是转换后每个声道(channel)的采样数
*/
int len2 = swr_convert(swr_ctx, &buf, dst_nb_samples,(const uint8_t**)&is->audio_frame.data, is->audio_frame.nb_samples);
if (len2 < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "swr_convert failed \n" );
break;
}
resampled_data_size = is->wanted_frame.channels * len2 * av_get_bytes_per_sample((enum AVSampleFormat)is->wanted_frame.format);
}
else
{
data_size = av_samples_get_buffer_size(NULL, is->audio_st->codec->channels, is->audio_frame.nb_samples,
AUDIO_S16SYS, 1);
resampled_data_size = data_size;
}
return resampled_data_size;
}
}
}
void audio_callback(void *userdata, Uint8 *stream, int len)
{
VideoState *is = (VideoState *) userdata;
int len1, audio_size;
SDL_memset(stream, 0, len);
printf("audio_callback len=%d \n", len);
//向设备发送长度为len的数据
while(len > 0)
{
//缓冲区中无数据
if(is->audio_buf_index >= is->audio_buf_size)
{
//从packet中解码数据
audio_size = audio_decode_frame(is);
if(audio_size < 0) //没有解码到数据或者出错，填充0
{
is->audio_buf_size = 1024;
memset(is->audio_buf, 0, is->audio_buf_size);
}
else
{
is->audio_buf_size = audio_size;
}
is->audio_buf_index = 0;
}
len1 = is->audio_buf_size - is->audio_buf_index;
if(len1 > len)
len1 = len;
//memcpy(stream, (uint8_t *)audio_buf + audio_buf_index, len1);
SDL_MixAudio(stream, is->audio_buf + is->audio_buf_index, len1, SDL_MIX_MAXVOLUME);
len -= len1;
stream += len1;
is->audio_buf_index += len1;
}
}
static Uint32 sdl_refresh_timer_cb(Uint32 interval, void *opaque)
{
SDL_Event event;
event.type = FF_REFRESH_EVENT;
event.user.data1 = opaque;
SDL_PushEvent(&event);
return 0;
}
//让视频按固定延迟时间刷新
static void schedule_refresh(VideoState *is, int delay)
{
SDL_AddTimer(delay, sdl_refresh_timer_cb, is);
}
void video_display(VideoState *is)
{
SDL_Rect rect;
VideoPicture *vp;
float aspect_ratio;//宽高比例
int w, h, x, y;
vp = &is->pictq[is->pictq_rindex];
if(vp->bmp)
{
if(is->video_st->codec->sample_aspect_ratio.num == 0)
{
aspect_ratio = 0;
}
else
{
aspect_ratio = av_q2d(is->video_st->codec->sample_aspect_ratio) *
is->video_st->codec->width / is->video_st->codec->height;
}
if(aspect_ratio <= 0.0)
{
aspect_ratio = (float)is->video_st->codec->width / (float)is->video_st->codec->height;
}
h = screen->h;
w = ((int) rint(h * aspect_ratio)) & -3;
if(w > screen->w)
{
w = screen->w;
h = ((int) rint(w / aspect_ratio)) & -3;
}
x = (screen->w - w) / 2;
y = (screen->h - h) / 2;
rect.x = x;
rect.y = y;
rect.w = w;
rect.h = h;
SDL_DisplayYUVOverlay(vp->bmp, &rect);
}
}
void video_refresh_timer(void *userdata)
{
VideoState *is = (VideoState *)userdata;
if(is->video_st)
{
if(is->pictq_size == 0)
{
schedule_refresh(is, 1);
}
else
{
schedule_refresh(is, 80);
video_display(is);
if(++is->pictq_rindex == VIDEO_PICTURE_QUEUE_SIZE)
{
is->pictq_rindex = 0;
}
SDL_LockMutex(is->pictq_mutex);
is->pictq_size--;
SDL_CondSignal(is->pictq_cond);
SDL_UnlockMutex(is->pictq_mutex);
}
}
else
{
schedule_refresh(is, 100);
}
}
void alloc_picture(void *userdata)
{
VideoState *is = (VideoState *) userdata;
VideoPicture *vp;
vp = &is->pictq[is->pictq_windex];
if(vp->bmp)
SDL_FreeYUVOverlay(vp->bmp);
vp->bmp = SDL_CreateYUVOverlay(is->video_st->codec->width,
is->video_st->codec->height,
SDL_YV12_OVERLAY,
screen);
vp->width = is->video_st->codec->width;
vp->height = is->video_st->codec->height;
SDL_LockMutex(is->pictq_mutex);
vp->allocated = 1;
SDL_CondSignal(is->pictq_cond);
SDL_UnlockMutex(is->pictq_mutex);
}
/*为is->pictq生成并填充VideoPicture */
int queue_picture(VideoState *is, AVFrame *pFrame)
{
VideoPicture *vp;
AVPicture pict;
SDL_LockMutex(is->pictq_mutex);
while(is->pictq_size >= VIDEO_PICTURE_QUEUE_SIZE && !is->quit)
{
SDL_CondWait(is->pictq_cond, is->pictq_mutex);
}
SDL_UnlockMutex(is->pictq_mutex);
if(is->quit)
return -1;
vp = &is->pictq[is->pictq_windex];
if(!vp->bmp || vp->width != is->video_st->codec->width
|| vp->height != is->video_st->codec->height)
{
SDL_Event event;
vp->allocated = 0;
//在主线程操作
event.type = FF_ALLOC_EVENT;
event.user.data1 = is;
SDL_PushEvent(&event);
//等待直到我们申请到一个picture的内存
SDL_LockMutex(is->pictq_mutex);
while(!vp->allocated && !is->quit)
{
SDL_CondWait(is->pictq_cond, is->pictq_mutex);
}
SDL_UnlockMutex(is->pictq_mutex);
if(is->quit)
return -1;
}
if(vp->bmp)
{
SDL_LockYUVOverlay(vp->bmp);
pict.data[0] = vp->bmp->pixels[0];
pict.data[1] = vp->bmp->pixels[2];
pict.data[2] = vp->bmp->pixels[1];
pict.linesize[0] = vp->bmp->pitches[0];
pict.linesize[1] = vp->bmp->pitches[2];
pict.linesize[2] = vp->bmp->pitches[1];
sws_scale(is->sws_ctx, (uint8_t const * const *)pFrame->data, pFrame->linesize,
0, is->video_st->codec->height, pict.data, pict.linesize);
SDL_UnlockYUVOverlay(vp->bmp);
if(++is->pictq_windex == VIDEO_PICTURE_QUEUE_SIZE)
is->pictq_windex = 0;
SDL_LockMutex(is->pictq_mutex);
is->pictq_size++;
SDL_UnlockMutex(is->pictq_mutex);
}
return 0;
}
int video_thread(void *arg){
VideoState *is = (VideoState *)arg;
AVPacket pkt1, *packet = &pkt1;
int frameFinished;
AVFrame *pFrame;
pFrame = av_frame_alloc();
for(;;){
if(packet_queue_get(&is->videoq, packet, 1) < 0)
break;
avcodec_decode_video2(is->video_st->codec, pFrame, &frameFinished, packet);
if(frameFinished){
if(queue_picture(is, pFrame) < 0)
break;
}
av_free_packet(packet);
}
av_free(pFrame);
return 0;
}
int stream_commponent_open(VideoState *is, int stream_index){
AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = is->pFormatCtx;
AVCodecContext *codecCtx = NULL;
AVCodec *codec = NULL;
AVDictionary *optionDict = NULL;
SDL_AudioSpec wanted_spec, spec;
if(stream_index < 0 || stream_index >= pFormatCtx->nb_streams)
return -1;
codecCtx = pFormatCtx->streams[stream_index]->codec;
if(codecCtx->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO){
wanted_spec.freq = codecCtx->sample_rate;
wanted_spec.format = AUDIO_S16SYS;
wanted_spec.channels = codecCtx->channels;
wanted_spec.silence = 0;
wanted_spec.samples = SDL_AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE;
wanted_spec.callback = audio_callback;
wanted_spec.userdata = is;
if(SDL_OpenAudio(&wanted_spec, &spec)){
fprintf(stderr, "SDL_OpenAudio: %s \n", SDL_GetError());
return -1;
}
printf("spec format: %d \n", spec.format);
is->wanted_frame.format = AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16;
is->wanted_frame.sample_rate = spec.freq;
is->wanted_frame.channel_layout = av_get_default_channel_layout(spec.channels);
is->wanted_frame.channels = spec.channels;
}
codec = avcodec_find_decoder(codecCtx->codec_id);
if(!codec || (avcodec_open2(codecCtx, codec, &optionDict) < 0)){
fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported codec! \n");
return -1;
}
switch(codecCtx->codec_type){
case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
is->audioStream = stream_index;
is->audio_st = pFormatCtx->streams[stream_index];
is->audio_buf_size = 0;
is->audio_buf_index = 0;
memset(&is->audio_pkt, 0, sizeof(is->audio_pkt));
packet_queue_init(&is->audioq);
SDL_PauseAudio(0);
break;
case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
is->videoStream = stream_index;
is->video_st = pFormatCtx->streams[stream_index];
packet_queue_init(&is->videoq);
is->video_tid = SDL_CreateThread(video_thread,is);
is->sws_ctx = sws_getContext(is->video_st->codec->width,
is->video_st->codec->height,
is->video_st->codec->pix_fmt,
is->video_st->codec->width,
is->video_st->codec->height,
AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
SWS_BILINEAR,NULL,NULL,NULL);
break;
default:
break;
}
return 0;
}
int decode_interrupt_cb(void *opaque){
return (global_video_state && global_video_state->quit);
}
int decode_thread(void *arg){
VideoState *is = (VideoState *)arg;
AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = NULL;
AVPacket pkt1, *packet = &pkt1;
int video_index = -1;
int audio_index = -1;
int i;
AVDictionary *io_dict = NULL;
AVIOInterruptCB callback;
is->videoStream = -1;
is->audioStream = -1;
global_video_state = is;
callback.callback = decode_interrupt_cb;
callback.opaque = is;
if(avio_open2(&is->io_context, is->filename, 0, &callback, &io_dict) != 0){
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open I/O for %s \n", is->filename);
return -1;
}
if(avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx, is->filename, NULL, NULL) != 0)
return -1;
is->pFormatCtx = pFormatCtx;
if(avformat_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx, NULL) < 0)
return -1;
av_dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, is->filename, 0);
for(i=0; i < pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++){
if(pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO && video_index < 0)
video_index = i;
if(pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO && audio_index < 0)
audio_index = i;
}
printf("audio_index:%d, video_index:%d \n", audio_index, video_index);
if(audio_index >= 0)
stream_commponent_open(is, audio_index);
if(video_index >= 0)
stream_commponent_open(is, video_index);
if(is->videoStream < 0 || is->audioStream < 0){
fprintf(stderr, "%s: could not open codecs \n", is->filename);
goto fail;
}
//main decode loop
for(;;){
if(is->quit)
break;
if(is->audioq.size > MAX_AUDIOQ_SIZE || is->videoq.size > MAX_VIDEOQ_SIZE){
SDL_Delay(10);
continue;
}
if(av_read_frame(is->pFormatCtx, packet) < 0){
if(is->pFormatCtx->pb->error == 0){
SDL_Delay(100);
continue;
}else{
break;
}
}
if(packet->stream_index == is->videoStream){
packet_queue_put(&is->videoq, packet);
}else if(packet->stream_index == is->audioStream){
packet_queue_put(&is->audioq, packet);
}else{
av_free_packet(packet);
}
}
while(!is->quit)
SDL_Delay(100);
fail:
if(1){
SDL_Event event;
event.type = FF_QUIT_EVENT;
event.user.data1 = is;
SDL_PushEvent(&event);
}
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
#if !FIX_INPUT
if(argc < 2){
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: test <file> \n");
exit(1);
}
#endif // FIX_INPUT
SDL_Event event;
VideoState *is;
is = (VideoState *)av_mallocz(sizeof(VideoState));
if (is == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "malloc ps error\n");
}
av_register_all();
if(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_AUDIO | SDL_INIT_TIMER)){
fprintf(stderr, "Could not initialize SDL - %s \n", SDL_GetError());
exit(1);
}
#ifndef __DARWIN__
screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(640, 480, 0, 0);
#else
screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(640, 480, 24, 0);
#endif
if(!screen){
fprintf(stderr, "SDL: could not set video mode - exiting \n");
exit(1);
}
#if FIX_INPUT
strcpy(is->filename, "/home/wanghuatian/oceans.mp4");
#else
av_strlcpy(is->filename, argv[1], 1024);
#endif
is->pictq_mutex = SDL_CreateMutex();
is->pictq_cond = SDL_CreateCond();
schedule_refresh(is, 40);
is->parse_tid = SDL_CreateThread(decode_thread, is);
if(!is->parse_tid){
av_free(is);
return -1;
}
for(;;){
SDL_WaitEvent(&event);
switch (event.type){
case FF_QUIT_EVENT:
case SDL_QUIT:
is->quit = 1;
SDL_CondSignal(is->audioq.cond);
SDL_CondSignal(is->videoq.cond);
return 0;
break;
case FF_ALLOC_EVENT:
alloc_picture(event.user.data1);
break;
case FF_REFRESH_EVENT:
video_refresh_timer(event.user.data1);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
getchar();
return 0;
}
编译：
gcc -o multi_thread multi_thread.c -lavutil -lavformat -lavcodec -lavutil -lswscale -lswresample -lSDL -lm运行：
./multi_thread 文件路径+文件名下载地址：
https://github.com/Huatian/ffmpeg-tutorial
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