C# 访问USB(HID)设备-CSDN博客

二话不说，直接给代码，如果您真想做这方面的东西，还是稍微研究下，没有现成的好类用，就需要自己了解其原理

// 引用空间
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Threading;
using System.Collections;
using System.IO;

// 以下是调用windows的API的函数
         // 获得GUID
        [DllImport( " hid.dll ")]
         public static extern void HidD_GetHidGuid( ref Guid HidGuid);
        Guid guidHID = Guid.Empty;
         // 过滤设备，获取需要的设备
        [DllImport( " setupapi.dll ", SetLastError = true)]
         public static extern IntPtr SetupDiGetClassDevs( ref Guid ClassGuid, uint Enumerator, IntPtr HwndParent, DIGCF Flags);
        IntPtr hDevInfo;
         // 获取设备，true获取到
        [DllImport( " setupapi.dll ", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
         public static extern Boolean SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(IntPtr hDevInfo, IntPtr devInfo, ref Guid interfaceClassGuid, UInt32 memberIndex, ref SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA deviceInterfaceData);
         public struct SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA
        {
             public int cbSize ;
             public Guid interfaceClassGuid;
             public int flags;
             public int reserved;
        }

         // 获取接口的详细信息必须调用两次第1次返回长度第2次获取数据
        [DllImport( " setupapi.dll ", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
         private static extern bool SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(IntPtr deviceInfoSet, ref SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA deviceInterfaceData, IntPtr deviceInterfaceDetailData,
             int deviceInterfaceDetailDataSize, ref int requiredSize, SP_DEVINFO_DATA deviceInfoData);
        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
         public class SP_DEVINFO_DATA
        {
             public int cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf( typeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA));
             public Guid classGuid = Guid.Empty; // temp
             public int devInst = 0; // dumy
             public int reserved = 0;
        }

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 2)]
         internal struct SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA
        {
             internal int cbSize;
             internal short devicePath;
        }

         public enum DIGCF
        {
            DIGCF_DEFAULT = 0x1,
            DIGCF_PRESENT = 0x2,
            DIGCF_ALLCLASSES = 0x4,
            DIGCF_PROFILE = 0x8,
            DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE = 0x10
        }

         // 获取设备文件
        [DllImport( " kernel32.dll ", SetLastError = true)]
         private static extern int CreateFile(
             string lpFileName,                             // file name
             uint dwDesiredAccess,                         // access mode
             uint dwShareMode,                             // share mode
             uint lpSecurityAttributes,                     // SD
             uint dwCreationDisposition,                     // how to create
             uint dwFlagsAndAttributes,                     // file attributes
             uint hTemplateFile                             // handle to template file
            );
         // 读取设备文件
        [DllImport( " Kernel32.dll ",SetLastError = true)]
         private static extern bool ReadFile
            (
                IntPtr hFile,
                 byte[] lpBuffer,
                 uint nNumberOfBytesToRead,
                 ref uint lpNumberOfBytesRead,
                IntPtr lpOverlapped
            );

         // 释放设备
        [DllImport( " hid.dll ")]
         static public extern bool HidD_FreePreparsedData( ref IntPtr PreparsedData);
         // 关闭访问设备句柄，结束进程的时候把这个加上保险点
        [DllImport( " kernel32.dll ")]
         static public extern int CloseHandle( int hObject);

接下来是访问设备的代码

// 代码暂时没有整理，传入参数是设备序号,
// 有些USB设备其实有很多HID设备，就是一个接口上有几个设备，这个时候需要
// 用index++来逐个循环，直到获取设备返回false后，跳出去，把获取的设备
// 路径全记录下来就好了，我这里知道具体设备号，所以没有循环，浪费我时间

          // 定于句柄序号和一些参数，具体可以去网上找这些API的参数说明，后文我看能不能把资料也写上去
          int HidHandle = - 1;
         public const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
         public const uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000;
         public const uint FILE_SHARE_READ= 0x00000001;
         public const uint FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 0x00000002;
         public const int OPEN_EXISTING = 3;

private void UsBMethod( int index)
        {
            HidD_GetHidGuid( ref guidHID);
            hDevInfo = SetupDiGetClassDevs( ref guidHID, 0, IntPtr.Zero, DIGCF.DIGCF_PRESENT | DIGCF.DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE);
             int bufferSize = 0;
            ArrayList HIDUSBAddress = new ArrayList();

             // while (true)
             // {
             // 获取设备，true获取到
             SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA DeviceInterfaceData = new SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA();
            DeviceInterfaceData.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(DeviceInterfaceData);
             // for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
             // {
                 bool result = SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(hDevInfo, IntPtr.Zero, ref guidHID, (UInt32)index, ref DeviceInterfaceData);
             // }
             // 第一次调用出错，但可以返回正确的Size
            SP_DEVINFO_DATA strtInterfaceData = new SP_DEVINFO_DATA();
            result = SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(hDevInfo, ref DeviceInterfaceData, IntPtr.Zero, 0, ref bufferSize, strtInterfaceData);
             // 第二次调用传递返回值，调用即可成功
            IntPtr detailDataBuffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(bufferSize);
            SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA detailData = new SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA();
            detailData.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf( typeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA));
            Marshal.StructureToPtr(detailData, detailDataBuffer, false);
            result = SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(hDevInfo, ref DeviceInterfaceData, detailDataBuffer, bufferSize, ref bufferSize, strtInterfaceData);
             if (result == false)
            {
                 // break;
            }
             // 获取设备路径访
              IntPtr pdevicePathName = (IntPtr)(( int)detailDataBuffer + 4);
             string devicePathName = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(pdevicePathName);
            HIDUSBAddress.Add(devicePathName);
             // index++;
             // break;
             // }

             // 连接设备文件
             int aa = CT_CreateFile(devicePathName);
             bool bb = USBDataRead(HidHandle);
        }

        // 建立和设备的连接
        public unsafe int CT_CreateFile( string DeviceName)
        {
            HidHandle = CreateFile(
                DeviceName,
                GENERIC_READ, // | GENERIC_WRITE, // 读写，或者一起
                FILE_SHARE_READ, // | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, // 共享读写，或者一起
                 0,
                OPEN_EXISTING,
                 0,
                 0);
             if (HidHandle == - 1)
            {
                 return 0;
            }
             else
            {
                 return 1;
            }
        }

         // 根据CreateFile拿到的设备handle访问文件，并返回数据
         public unsafe bool USBDataRead( int handle)
        {
             while ( true)
            {
                 uint read = 0;
                 // 注意字节的长度，我这里写的是8位，其实可以通过API获取具体的长度，这样安全点，
                   // 具体方法我知道，但是没有写，过几天整理完代码，一起给出来
                Byte[] m_rd_data = new Byte[ 8];
                 bool isread = ReadFile((IntPtr)handle, m_rd_data, ( uint) 8, ref read, IntPtr.Zero);
                 // 这里已经是拿到的数据了
                Byte[] m_rd_dataout = new Byte[read];
                Array.Copy(m_rd_data, m_rd_dataout, read);
            }
        }

OK，如果只是获取USB传过来的数据，这里已经足够了，但是有点要注意，2000和XP如果要获取HID键盘和鼠标的数据，readfile是不行的，；
在Win2000和WinXP下不能用CreateFile+ReadFile/WriteFile的方式来读写标准鼠标和标准键盘的数据，因为它们是系统独占的（Exlusive）。
如果你是其他HID类设备，比如游戏手柄或者自定义HID设备，都可以用上面的方式来收发数据，
怎么访问我暂时也不知道，估计要用它方法，看到有些软件是用截取的手段，估计是用钩子了吧。。

还有获取报文长度的代码，如果不确定报文长度，或者为了驱动适应变化，就用一下代码来确定报文的长度

// 获取设备具体信息
        [DllImport( " hid.dll ", SetLastError = true)]
         private unsafe static extern int HidP_GetCaps(
             int pPHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA,                     // IN PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA  PreparsedData,
             ref HIDP_CAPS myPHIDP_CAPS);                 // OUT PHIDP_CAPS  Capabilities

        [DllImport( " hid.dll ", SetLastError = true)]
         private unsafe static extern int HidD_GetPreparsedData(
             int hObject,                                 // IN HANDLE  HidDeviceObject,
             ref int pPHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA);

         // HIDP_CAPS
        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
         public unsafe struct HIDP_CAPS
        {
             public System.UInt16 Usage;                     // USHORT
             public System.UInt16 UsagePage;                 // USHORT
             public System.UInt16 InputReportByteLength;
             public System.UInt16 OutputReportByteLength;
             public System.UInt16 FeatureReportByteLength;
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 17)]
             public System.UInt16[] Reserved;                 // USHORT  Reserved[17];
             public System.UInt16 NumberLinkCollectionNodes;
             public System.UInt16 NumberInputButtonCaps;
             public System.UInt16 NumberInputValueCaps;
             public System.UInt16 NumberInputDataIndices;
             public System.UInt16 NumberOutputButtonCaps;
             public System.UInt16 NumberOutputValueCaps;
             public System.UInt16 NumberOutputDataIndices;
             public System.UInt16 NumberFeatureButtonCaps;
             public System.UInt16 NumberFeatureValueCaps;
             public System.UInt16 NumberFeatureDataIndices;
        }

int reportLength = 8;

             // 获取设备发送的字节的长度(也有其他信息)
             int myPtrToPreparsedData = - 1;
             int result1 = HidD_GetPreparsedData(handle, ref myPtrToPreparsedData);
            HIDP_CAPS myHIDP_CAPS = new HIDP_CAPS();
             int result2 = HidP_GetCaps(myPtrToPreparsedData, ref myHIDP_CAPS);
            reportLength = myHIDP_CAPS.InputReportByteLength;

再补充点，释放设备资源的时候需要用到

// 释放设备的访问
        [DllImport( " kernel32.dll ")]
         internal static extern int CloseHandle( int hObject);
// 释放设备
        [DllImport( " setupapi.dll ", SetLastError = true)]
         internal static extern IntPtr SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet);

public void Dispost()
        {
             // 释放设备资源(hDevInfo是SetupDiGetClassDevs获取的)
            SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(hDevInfo);
             // 关闭连接(HidHandle是Create的时候获取的)
            CloseHandle(HidHandle);
        }

ok 了.