anfis matlab,这是一个anfis模糊神经网络代码，有个地方不懂想问问大家

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clear;

close all;

gamma=0.75;%设定惯性因子

eps1=0.005;%设定停止训练的条件参数

m1=8;%设定隶属函数个数

m2=8;

a=-1;b=1;

w0=a+(b-a)*rand(1,m1*m2);%初始化权值阵

for i=1:2

switch i

case 1,beta=0.75;%设定学习率

otherwise,beta=0.25;

end

c=[2/7*(0:m1-1)-1;2/7*(0:m2-1)-1];%初始化Cij

sigma=0.1213*ones(2,m1);%初始化σij

w=w0;

mu=zeros(2,m1);%初始化隶属度层

alpha=zeros(1,m1*m2);%初始化规则层

alpha_=zeros(1,m1*m2);%初始化归一化层

delta2=zeros(2,m1);%初始化δ2

dw=zeros(1,m1*m2);%初始化权值变化量

dc=zeros(2,m1);%初始化c变化量

dsigma=zeros(2,m1);%初始化σij变化量

%----------------训练过程----------------%

err=1;%初始化误差

er=[];

counter=0;%统计训练步数

while(err>=eps1)

Par_E_w=zeros(1,m1*m2);%误差对权值阵的偏导数

Par_E_c=zeros(2,m1);%误差对c的偏导数

Par_E_sigma=zeros(2,m1);%误差对σ的偏导数

E=0;

for x1=-1:2/19:1

for x2=-1:2/19:1

yd=sin(pi*x1)*cos(pi*x2);%期望输出，导师信号

%正向传播

mu(1,:)=exp(-(x1-c(1,:)).^2./sigma(1,:).^2);%计算隶属度层，高斯函数

mu(2,:)=exp(-(x2-c(2,:)).^2./sigma(2,:).^2);

s=zeros(2,m1,m1*m2);%初始化Sij

for m=1:m1

for n=1:m2

alpha((m-1)*m2+n)=min(mu(1,m),mu(2,n));%计算规则层(取小运算)

if mu(1,m)<=mu(2,n)

s(1,m,(m-1)*m2+n)=1;

end

if mu(1,m)>=mu(2,n)

s(2,n,(m-1)*m2+n)=1;

end

end

end

alpha_=alpha/sum(alpha);%计算归一化层

y=alpha_*w.';%计算网络输出

E=E+1/2*(yd-y)^2;%计算误差

%反向传播

delta5=yd-y;

delta4=delta5*w;

for k=1:m1*m2

delta3(k)=delta4(k)*(sum(alpha)-alpha(k))./sum(alpha)^2;

end

for m=1:2

for n=1:m1

delta2(m,n)=0;

for l=1:m1*m2

delta2(m,n)=delta2(m,n)+delta3(l)*s(m,n,l)*mu(m,n);

end

end

end

Par_E_w=Par_E_w-delta5*alpha_;%计算偏导数

Par_E_c(1,:)=Par_E_c(1,:)-2*delta2(1,:).*(x1-c(1,:))./sigma(1,:).^2;

Par_E_c(2,:)=Par_E_c(2,:)-2*delta2(2,:).*(x2-c(2,:))./sigma(2,:).^2;

Par_E_sigma(1,:)=Par_E_sigma(1,:)-2*delta2(1,:).*(x1-c(1,:)).^2./sigma(1,:).^3;

Par_E_sigma(2,:)=Par_E_sigma(2,:)-2*delta2(2,:).*(x2-c(2,:)).^2./sigma(2,:).^3;

end

end

num=20*20;

Par_E_w=Par_E_w/num;

Par_E_c=Par_E_c/num;

Par_E_sigma=Par_E_sigma/num;

dw=-beta*Par_E_w+gamma*dw;

dc=-beta*Par_E_c+gamma*dc;

dsigma=-beta*Par_E_sigma+gamma*dsigma;

w=w+dw;

c=c+dc;

sigma=sigma+dsigma;

counter=counter+1;

er(counter)=E/num;

err=E/num;

% if counter>1000

% break;

% end

end

%----------------测试过程----------------%

xx1=-1:2/19:1;

xx2=-1:2/19:1;

yd1=zeros(20,20);

for m=1:20

for n=1:20

yd1(m,n)=sin(pi*xx1(m))*cos(pi*xx2(n));%期望输出

mu(1,:)=exp(-(xx1(m)-c(1,:)).^2./sigma(1,:).^2);%计算隶属度层

mu(2,:)=exp(-(xx2(n)-c(2,:)).^2./sigma(2,:).^2);

for k=1:m1 %计算规则层

for l=1:m2

alpha((k-1)*m2+l)=min(mu(1,k),mu(2,l));

end

end

alpha_=alpha/sum(alpha);%计算归一化层

yr(m,n)=alpha_*w.'; %计算网络输出

end

end

errorf1=1/2*(yd1-yr).^2;%计算误差

%----------------绘图----------------%

figure(i);

sn=sprintf('β=%4.2f,γ=%4.2f',beta,gamma);

X=ones(size(xx2.'))*xx1;

Y=xx2.'*ones(size(xx1));

subplot(2,2,1);

surf(X,Y,yd1);

xlabel('x1');

ylabel('x2');

zlabel('期望的输出yd');

title(sn);

subplot(2,2,3);

surf(X,Y,yr);

xlabel('x1');

ylabel('x2');

zlabel('实际网络的输出yr');

title(sn);

subplot(2,2,2);

plot(er);

xlabel('训练步数');

ylabel('误差');

title(sn);

subplot(2,2,4);

surf(X,Y,errorf1);

xlabel('x1');

ylabel('x2');

zlabel('误差');

title(sn);

beta

counter

想问下，在求第三层的误差时 delta3(k)=delta4(k)*(sum(alpha)-alpha(k))./sum(alpha)^2;，其中(sum(alpha)-alpha(k))./sum(alpha)^2是怎么得出来的？