题外话：
实验参照电子工业出版社的ccna认证指南640-802，配置好了始终ping测试不通，物理上连接不可达（Pinging 12.1.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.1: Destination host unreachable.）后来上网查了下，原来是串口没有配置时钟频率......
 
实验在cisco packet tracer5.2下做的
 
拓扑图：
1.配置ip地址
pc上如图配置
 
R1上
en
conf t
int f0/0
ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
int s0/1
clock rate 128000
ip add 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
write
 
R2上
en
conf t
int s0/0
clock rate 128000
ip add 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
int s0/1
clock rate 128000
ip add 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
write
 
R3上
en
conf t
int s0/0
clock rate 128000
ip add 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
no shut
int lo0
ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
write
 
测试用pc ping各个接口
 
PC>ping 12.1.1.2
Pinging 12.1.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 12.1.1.2: bytes=32 time=95ms TTL=254
 
PC>ping 23.1.1.2
Pinging 23.1.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.1: Destination host unreachable.
 
PC>ping 3.3.3.3
Pinging 3.3.3.3 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.1: Destination host unreachable.
 
2.配置路由
 
R1上
en
conf t
ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.2
ip route 23.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.2
exit
write
 
R2上
en
conf t
ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 23.1.1.3
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.1
exit
write
 
R3上
en
conf t
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 23.1.1.2
ip route 12.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 23.1.1.2
exit
write
 
测试在pc上ping各个地址均能ping通
查看路由器路由
r1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S       3.3.3.0 [1/0] via 12.1.1.2
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S       23.1.1.0 [1/0] via 12.1.1.2
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
 
r2#sh ip ro
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S       3.3.3.0 [1/0] via 23.1.1.3
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       23.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1
S    192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 12.1.1.1
 
r3#sh ip ro
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S       12.1.1.0 [1/0] via 23.1.1.2
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       23.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
S    192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 23.1.1.2
 
 
 排错命令:
ping 3.3.3.3
tracert 3.3.3.3
traceroute 3.3.3.3
sh int s0/0
sh ip int s0/0
sh ip int brief
sh arp
clear arp
sh controllers s0/0            查看端口硬件信息