计算机网络配置——路由器的配置

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-21 18:20:41 发布

楠潼

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-21 18:20:41 发布

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分类专栏： # 计算机网络配置文章标签：路由器网络 cisco

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/XZ_ROU/article/details/112845966

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8 篇文章 3 订阅

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一、实验目的和任务

学习路由器的基本工作原理；
进行路由器命令的操作练习；
进行路由策略的设置。

二、实验原理介绍

重点：路由器和交换机的区别；

路由器功能——实现网络互连，包括存储、转发、寻径；

1、路由器的工作过程

2、路由器的配置模式

1）普通用户模式；

2）特权用户模式；

3）全局配置模式；

4）接口配置模式；

5）路由协议配置模式；

二、路由器的基本配置

实现如下图所示的网络拓扑配置：

三、设计代码（或原理图）、仿真波形及分析

网络拓扑结构如下图所示：

R2配置如下：（有解释）

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n


Press RETURN to get started!



Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2 //命名
R2(config)#int f0/0        //进入以太网接口
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 //给接口fa0/0设置网关 子网掩码
R2(config-if)#no shutdown            //激活接口

R2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R2(config-if)#ex
R2(config)#int s0/0/0    //串行接口
R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000    //设置波特率（路由器没锁定时可自由设置）
This command applies only to DCE interfaces
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.0  //给接口s0/0/0设置网关 子网掩码
R2(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down
R2(config-if)#ex
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.2    //设置静态路由
R2(config)#end    //配置结束
R2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R2#sh ip int brief //查看接口配置
Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol 
FastEthernet0/0        192.168.1.1     YES manual up                    up 
FastEthernet0/1        unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down 
Serial0/0/0            192.168.6.1     YES manual down                  down 
Serial0/0/1            unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down 
Vlan1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down

R2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0


//*******在配置R3时，R2会[自动]执行下面部分指令*****//
R2#
R2#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#interface Serial0/0/0
R2(config-if)#
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
R2(config-if)#
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface Serial0/0/1
R2(config-if)#
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface Serial0/0/0
R2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up

R2(config-if)#end
R2(config-if)#end
R2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console


//******配置完R3后，回到R2执行下面命令,即可到静态路由表*********//
R2#sh ip route //查看路由表
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0       //前面地址为目的网络，后面Fa...为通往目的网络的接口
S    192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.2
C    192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

R2#
//Codes表示路由项生成的方式，C表示直连路由；S表示静态路由；R表示RIP协议生成；O表示OPSF协议生成。


R2>en
R2#sh int f0/0        //查看具体接口的信息
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
  Hardware is Lance, address is 0010.11e0.9d01 (bia 0010.11e0.9d01) //接口物理地址
  Internet address is 192.168.1.1/24                       //接口IP地址
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,            //BW为带宽；DLY为延时
     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
  Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, media type is RJ45
  ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00, 
  Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:05, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
  Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: fifo
  Output queue :0/40 (size/max)
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 5 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     12 packets input, 1536 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
     0 input packets with dribble condition detected
     12 packets output, 1212 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
     0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
     0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

R3配置如下：（解释类同R2）

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n


Press RETURN to get started!



Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#hostname R3
R3(config)#int f0/0
R3(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R3(config-if)#int s0/0/0
R3(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up

R3(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up

R3(config-if)#ex
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
R3(config)#end
R3#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R3#sh ip int brief
Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol 
FastEthernet0/0        192.168.2.1     YES manual up                    up 
FastEthernet0/1        unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down 
Serial0/0/0            192.168.6.2     YES manual up                    up 
Serial0/0/1            unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down 
Vlan1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
R3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

S    192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.1
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

R3#

PC0连接PC1：

PC1连接PC0：

四、实验结论与心得

注意

由于新加入的路由器没有串行接口，故需要手动添加，步骤如下：

1.先把路由器的电源关掉。

2.把物理串口拖动到路由器接口处。

3.启动步骤1中的电源，然后进入CLI配置页面，等待初始化完成，点击确定即可。

路由器配置文件保存类似交换机，在这里不作介绍，可参考文章：计算机网络配置——交换机的配置

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计算机网络配置——路由器的配置

一、实验目的和任务学习路由器的基本工作原理；进行路由器命令的操作练习；进行路由策略的设置。二、实验原理介绍重点：路由器和交换机的区别；路由器功能——实现网络互连，包括存储、转发、寻径；1、路由器的工作过程2、路由器的配置模式 1）普通用户模式； 2）特权用户模式； 3）全局配置模式； 4）接口配置模式； 5）路由协议配置模式；二、路由器的基本配置实现如下图所示的网络拓扑配置：三、设计代码（或原理图）、仿真...
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