安卓学习UI组件-Activity-组件

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-07 18:55:27 发布

SimminonGarcia

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-07 18:55:27 发布

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文章标签：移动开发 ui java

原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/xiaofeiandroid/blog/643804

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2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>>

1.Activity概述

2.状态与生命周期概述

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3.状态与生命周期详解

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;

/*Activity三个状态和七大生命周期方法分析*/
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    //activity创建时第一个调用的方法，通常我们在该方法中加载布局文件，初始化UI组件，事件注册等等
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        System.out.println("MainActivity-onCreate");
    }

    /*在onCreate之后调用，用于显示界面，但用户还不能进行交互*/
    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        System.out.println("MainActivity-onStart");
    }

/*当一个stopped状态的Activity被返回时调用，之后再调用onStart)方法，进入运行状态*/
    @Override
    protected void onRestart() {
        super.onRestart();
        System.out.println("MainActivity-onRestart");
    }

    /*在onStart后调用，该方法执行完成后，用户可以进行交互，当前Activity进入resume的状态（运行状态）
    * 当一个paused状态的activity被重新返回时，会再次调用该方法，让Activity进入运行状态
    * */
    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        System.out.println("MainActivity-onResume");
    }

    /*当其他Activity（透明或窗口模式）进入时，该方法被调用，让当前Activity进入paused（暂停）状态
    * 当前Activity还可见，但不可进行交互，如果其他更高优先级的APP需要内存时，当前Activity可能会被销毁（kill）
    * 当前Activity被返回时会调用onResume（）方法
    * */
    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        System.out.println("MainActivity-onPause");
    }

    /*当其他Activity完全覆盖该Activity时，会被调用，当前Activity进入stopped状态（停止状态）
    * 当前Activity不可见，不可进行交互，如果其他更高优先级的APP需要内存时，当前Activity可能会被销毁（kill）
    * 当前Activity被返回时会调用onRestart（）方法
    * */
    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        System.out.println("MainActivity-onStop");
    }

    /*当前Activity被销毁时调用，通常在该方法中用来释放资源，当前Activity killed*/
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        System.out.println("MainActivity-onDestroy");
    }
}

4.传递简单数据

Dog.java

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2016/3/17.
 */
//打包裹 传递对象 性能好
public class Dog implements Parcelable{
    String name;
    int age;
    String type;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Dog{" +
                "age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
    //描述内容
    @Override
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
//把传递数据写进dest
        dest.writeString(name);
        dest.writeInt(age);
        dest.writeString(type);
    }
//对象的创建器 序列化包裹
    public static final Parcelable.Creator<Dog> CREATOR
            =new Parcelable.Creator<Dog>()
    {

        @Override
        public Dog createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
            Dog dog=new Dog();
            dog.name=in.readString();
            dog.age=in.readInt();
            dog.type=in.readString();
            return dog;
        }
        @Override
        public Dog[] newArray(int size) {
            return new Dog[size];
        }
    };
}

cat.java

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2016/3/17.
 */
//可序列化 IO序列化 性能比较低
public class Cat implements Serializable {
    String name;
    int age;
    String type;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Cat{" +
                "age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

activity_main_a.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.example.administrator.myapplication.MainActivityA">

    <EditText
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text=""
        android:hint="请输入信息..."
        android:id="@+id/editText_info"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="发送"
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:onClick="sendClick"
        android:layout_below="@+id/editText_info"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="传递对象1"
        android:id="@+id/button_obj"
        android:onClick="sendObjClick"
        android:layout_below="@+id/button"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
        android:layout_alignRight="@+id/button"
        android:layout_alignEnd="@+id/button" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="传递对象2"
        android:id="@+id/button_obj2"
        android:onClick="sendObj2Click"
        android:layout_below="@+id/button_obj"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:layout_alignParentEnd="true" />

</RelativeLayout>

MainActivityA.java

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;

public class MainActivityA extends Activity {

    private EditText editText_info;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main_a);
        editText_info = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText_info);
    }

    /*启动ActivityB，并且要传递数据*/
    public void sendClick(View v) {
        //创建一个意图（想干什么） 参数：上下文，要跳转的组件的字节码
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, MainActivityB.class);

        String info = editText_info.getText().toString();
        //封装要传递的数据，第一种方法
       /* Bundle data = new Bundle();
        data.putString("info", info);
        intent.putExtra("data",data);*/

        //第二种方法
        intent.putExtra("info", info);
        intent.putExtra("age", 24);

        startActivity(intent);
    }

    public void sendObjClick(View v) {
        //用IO消耗的性能比较多
        //要传递的对象
        Cat cat = new Cat();
        cat.name = "皮卡丘";
        cat.age = 2;
        cat.type = "英短";

        Intent intent = new Intent(this, MainActivityB.class);
        intent.putExtra("cat", cat);
        startActivity(intent);

    }

    public void sendObj2Click(View v) {
        //Parcelable
        Dog dog = new Dog();
        dog.name="旺旺";
        dog.age=1;
        dog.type="金毛";
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, MainActivityB.class);
        intent.putExtra("dog",dog);
        startActivity(intent);
    }


}

activity_main_b.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.example.administrator.myapplication.MainActivityB">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:id="@+id/info"/>
</RelativeLayout>

MainActivityB.java

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivityB extends ActionBarActivity {

    private TextView textView_info;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main_b);
        textView_info = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.info);
        //intent内容一样 不是一个intent
        Intent intent = getIntent();


        //第一种
       /* Bundle data = intent.getBundleExtra("data");
        String info = data.getString("info");
        textView_info.setText(info);*/
        //第二种

        String info = intent.getStringExtra("info");
        //第二个参数为默认值
        int age = intent.getIntExtra("age", 18);
        Cat cat = (Cat) intent.getSerializableExtra("cat");
      //  Dog dog = intent.getParcelableExtra("dog");

      //  textView_info.setText(info + "---" + age );
       textView_info.setText(info + "---" + age + "--" + cat.toString()+"\n");
       // textView_info.setText(dog.toString());



    }
}

5.传递自定义对象数据

6.处理返回结果

activity_main_activity_result.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.example.administrator.myapplication.MainActivityResult">

    <EditText
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text=""
        android:hint="请选择一个电话号码"
        android:id="@+id/editText_number"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="SELECT"
        android:id="@+id/button_select"
        android:onClick="selectClick"
        android:layout_below="@+id/editText_number"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:layout_alignParentEnd="true" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="CALL"
        android:onClick="callClick"
        android:id="@+id/button2_call"
        android:layout_below="@+id/button_select"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
        android:layout_alignRight="@+id/button_select"
        android:layout_alignEnd="@+id/button_select" />
</RelativeLayout>

MainActivityResult.java

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;

public class MainActivityResult extends ActionBarActivity {

    private static final int REQUESTCODE_1 = 0x1;
    private EditText editText_number;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main_activity_result);
        editText_number = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText_number);

    }

    /*选择一个电话号码*/
    public void selectClick(View v) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, PhoneNumberListActivity.class);


        //返回结果 第一个参数 intent 第二个参数 请求编码
        startActivityForResult(intent, REQUESTCODE_1);
    }

    //重写该方法来处理返回的结果
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        if (requestCode == REQUESTCODE_1 && resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            String number = data.getStringExtra("number");
            editText_number.setText(number);
        }
    }

    /*拨打电话*/
    public void callClick(View v) {
        String number=editText_number.getText().toString();

        Intent intent=new Intent();
        intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
        intent.setData(Uri.parse("tel:"+number));
        startActivity(intent);

    }

}

activity_phone_number_list.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.example.administrator.myapplication.PhoneNumberListActivity">

    <ListView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:id="@+id/listView"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />
</RelativeLayout>

PhoneNumberListActivity.java

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;


public class PhoneNumberListActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

    private ListView listView;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_phone_number_list);
        listView= (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView);
        final String[] numbers={"13713820115","13692208307","13760359165","15817447169","13713686009"};
        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter=new ArrayAdapter<String>
                (this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,android.R.id.text1,numbers);

        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {

                String number=numbers[position];
                Intent intent=new Intent();
                intent.putExtra("number",number);
                setResult(RESULT_OK,intent);//设置返回结果
                finish();//结束当前界面
            }
        });
    }
}

//最后要在清单文件配置打电话权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />

7.屏幕方向与显示方式

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横屏android:screenOrientation="landscape"
竖屏android:screenOrientation="portrait"

设置主题全屏 android:theme="@android:style/Theme.DeviceDefault.NoActionBar.Fullscreen"

activity_screen_orientation.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.example.administrator.myapplication.ScreamOrientationActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="屏幕方向测试"
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />
</RelativeLayout>

ScreamOrientationActivity.java

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.pm.ActivityInfo;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Window;
import android.view.WindowManager;

/*设置全屏模式
* 1.通过代码实现
* 2.在清单文件中可以通过设置Activity的主题：
* android:theme="@android:style/Theme.DeviceDefault.NoActionBar.Fullscreen"
*
* 设置窗体模式
* 1.在清单文件中设置主题：
* android:theme="@android:style/Theme.DeviceDefault.Dialog"
* */
public class ScreamOrientationActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //通过代码设置屏幕方向
      //  setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);
        //  setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT);
      //设置全屏
      //  getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN,WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
  //去除标题栏
       // requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);


        setContentView(R.layout.activity_scream_orientation);
    }
}

8.屏幕方向旋转

android:configChanges="keyboard|orientation|screenSize"

当配置了android:configChanges="orientation"属性，在横紧屏切换的时候不会重新执行Activity的onCreate方法，只是执行onConfigurationChanged方法，否则切换的时候会重新执行onCreate方法

activity_screen_change.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.example.administrator.myapplication.ScreenChangeActivity">

    <EditText
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text=""
        android:hint="请输入信息"
        android:id="@+id/editText_info"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="change"
        android:onClick="changeClick"
        android:id="@+id/button_change"
        android:layout_below="@+id/editText_info"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />
</RelativeLayout>

竖屏文件放在layout-land目录

ScreenChangeActivity.java

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;


/*屏幕切换默认情况下会重新创建Activity
* 为了保存当前Activity的状态，我们可以重写onSaveInstanceState方法来保存相关数据
* 然后在onCreate方法中还原数据*/
public class ScreenChangeActivity extends Activity {

    int index = 0;

    //横屏竖屏状态要保存下来
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_screen_change);
        System.out.println("ScreenChangeActivity--onCreate");

//还原状态值
        if (savedInstanceState != null) {
            index = savedInstanceState.getInt("index", 0);
        }
    }

    public void changeClick(View v) {
        index++;
        System.out.println("index=" + index);
    }

    //切换屏保存状态
    @Override
    protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        System.out.println("onSaveInstanceState");
        outState.putInt("index", index);
    }

    //改变布局排版配置
    @Override
    public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) {
        super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
        System.out.println("onConfigurationChanged");
    }
}

AndroidManifest.xml

<activity
    android:name=".ScreenChangeActivity"
    android:configChanges="keyboard|orientation|screenSize">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

        <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
    </intent-filter>

</activity>

9.SharedPreferences

activity_share_preferences.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.example.administrator.myapplication.SharePreferencesActivity">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="New Button"
        android:id="@+id/button2"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:layout_alignParentEnd="true" />

    <EditText
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:id="@+id/editText_msg"
        android:hint="请输入消息"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:layout_alignParentEnd="true"
        android:layout_above="@+id/button2" />
</RelativeLayout>

SharePreferencesActivity.java

package com.example.administrator.myapplication;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.widget.EditText;

public class SharePreferencesActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

    private SharedPreferences sp;
  private EditText editText_msg;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_share_preferences);
 editText_msg= (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText_msg);
        //获取当前程序的SharedPreferences对象
        sp = getSharedPreferences("msg", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);

    }

    //还原数据
    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        editText_msg.setText(sp.getString("msg", ""));
        //删除数据
      SharedPreferences.Editor editor=sp.edit();
        editor.remove("msg");
        editor.commit();
    }

    //我们在该事件方法里来存储数据
    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        String msg=editText_msg.getText().toString();

        if(TextUtils.isEmpty(msg))
        {
            return;
        }
       SharedPreferences.Editor editor= sp.edit();
        editor.putString("msg",msg);
        editor.commit();//提交

    }
}