查了好多资料,发现还是不全,干脆自己整理吧,至少保证在我的做法正确的,以免误导读者,也是给自己做个记录吧!
描述:
luna(请看SimplerCppBinding)是一个很好的从lua调用c++函数的例子。但是你如果想从c++中调用lua函数,那么你须要保存你的lua函数到,一个注册了的子表中或者一个全局的表的子表中,然后就能够在c++代码中用lua_pcall去调用这个函数。以下的例子是用Lunar(请看CppBindingWithLunar),这是一个luna的改进版本,为了便利一点使用。
lunar.h for lua 5.0
extern "C" {
#include "lua.h"
#include "lauxlib.h"
}
template <typename T> class Lunar {
typedef struct { T *pT; } userdataType;
public:
typedef int (T::*mfp)(lua_State *L);
typedef struct { const char *name; mfp mfunc; } RegType;
static void Register(lua_State *L) {
lua_newtable(L);
int methods = lua_gettop(L);
luaL_newmetatable(L, T::className);
int metatable = lua_gettop(L);
// store method table in globals so that
// scripts can add functions written in Lua.
lua_pushvalue(L, methods);
set(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, T::className);
// hide metatable from Lua getmetatable()
lua_pushvalue(L, methods);
set(L, metatable, "__metatable");
lua_pushvalue(L, methods);
set(L, metatable, "__index");
lua_pushcfunction(L, tostring_T);
set(L, metatable, "__tostring");
lua_pushcfunction(L, gc_T);
set(L, metatable, "__gc");
lua_newtable(L); // mt for method table
lua_pushcfunction(L, new_T);
lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // dup new_T function
set(L, methods, "new"); // add new_T to method table
set(L, -3, "__call"); // mt.__call = new_T
lua_setmetatable(L, methods);
// fill method table with methods from class T
for (RegType *l = T::methods; l->name; l++) {
lua_pushstring(L, l->name);
lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void*)l);
lua_pushcclosure(L, thunk, 1);
lua_settable(L, methods);
}
lua_pop(L, 2); // drop metatable and method table
}
// call named lua method from userdata method table
static int call(lua_State *L, const char *method,
int nargs=0, int nresults=LUA_MULTRET, int errfunc=0)
{
int base = lua_gettop(L) - nargs; // userdata index
if (!luaL_checkudata(L, base, T::className)) {
lua_settop(L, base-1); // drop userdata and args
lua_pushfstring(L, "not a valid %s userdata", T::className);
return -1;
}
lua_pushstring(L, method); // method name
lua_gettable(L, base); // get method from userdata
if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) { // no method?
lua_settop(L, base-1); // drop userdata and args
lua_pushfstring(L, "%s missing method '%s'", T::className, method);
return -1;
}
lua_insert(L, base); // put method under userdata, args
int status = lua_pcall(L, 1+nargs, nresults, errfunc); // call method
if (status) {
const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, -1);
if (msg == NULL) msg = "(error with no message)";
lua_pushfstring(L, "%s:%s status = %d\n%s",
T::className, method, status, msg);
lua_remove(L, base); // remove old message
return -1;
}
return lua_gettop(L) - base + 1; // number of results
}
// push onto the Lua stack a userdata containing a pointer to T object
static int push(lua_State *L, T *obj, bool gc=false) {
if (!obj) { lua_pushnil(L); return 0; }
luaL_getmetatable(L, T::className); // lookup metatable in Lua registry
if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) luaL_error(L, "%s missing metatable", T::className);
int mt = lua_gettop(L);
subtable(L, mt, "userdata", "v");
userdataType *ud =
static_cast<userdataType*>(pushuserdata(L, obj, sizeof(userdataType)));
if (ud) {
ud->pT = obj; // store pointer to object in userdata
lua_pushvalue(L, mt);
lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
if (gc == false) {
lua_checkstack(L, 3);
subtable(L, mt, "do not trash", "k");
lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
lua_settable(L, -3);
lua_pop(L, 1);
}
}
lua_replace(L, mt);
lua_settop(L, mt);
return mt; // index of userdata containing pointer to T object
}
// get userdata from Lua stack and return pointer to T object
static T *check(lua_State *L, int narg) {
userdataType *ud =
static_cast<userdataType*>(luaL_checkudata(L, narg, T::className));
if(!ud) {
luaL_typerror(L, narg, T::className);
return NULL;
}
return ud->pT; // pointer to T object
}
private:
Lunar(); // hide default constructor
// member function dispatcher
static int thunk(lua_State *L) {
// stack has userdata, followed by method args
T *obj = check(L, 1); // get 'self', or if you prefer, 'this'
lua_remove(L, 1); // remove self so member function args start at index 1
// get member function from upvalue
RegType *l = static_cast<RegType*>(lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
return (obj->*(l->mfunc))(L); // call member function
}
// create a new T object and
// push onto the Lua stack a userdata containing a pointer to T object
static int new_T(lua_State *L) {
lua_remove(L, 1); // use classname:new(), instead of classname.new()
T *obj = new T(L); // call constructor for T objects
push(L, obj, true); // gc_T will delete this object
return 1; // userdata containing pointer to T object
}
// garbage collection metamethod
static int gc_T(lua_State *L) {
if (luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "do not trash")) {
lua_pushvalue(L, 1); // dup userdata
lua_gettable(L, -2);
if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) return 0; // do not delete object
}
userdataType *ud = static_cast<userdataType*>(lua_touserdata(L, 1));
T *obj = ud->pT;
if (obj) delete obj; // call destructor for T objects
return 0;
}
static int tostring_T (lua_State *L) {
char buff[32];
userdataType *ud = static_cast<userdataType*>(lua_touserdata(L, 1));
T *obj = ud->pT;
sprintf(buff, "%p", (void*)obj);
lua_pushfstring(L, "%s (%s)", T::className, buff);
return 1;
}
static void set(lua_State *L, int table_index, const char *key) {
lua_pushstring(L, key);
lua_insert(L, -2); // swap value and key
lua_settable(L, table_index);
}
static void weaktable(lua_State *L, const char *mode) {
lua_newtable(L);
lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // table is its own metatable
lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
lua_pushliteral(L, "__mode");
lua_pushstring(L, mode);
lua_settable(L, -3); // metatable.__mode = mode
}
static void subtable(lua_State *L, int tindex, const char *name, const char *mode) {
lua_pushstring(L, name);
lua_gettable(L, tindex);
if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
lua_pop(L, 1);
lua_checkstack(L, 3);
weaktable(L, mode);
lua_pushstring(L, name);
lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
lua_settable(L, tindex);
}
}
static void *pushuserdata(lua_State *L, void *key, size_t sz) {
void *ud = 0;
lua_pushlightuserdata(L, key);
lua_gettable(L, -2); // lookup[key]
if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
lua_pop(L, 1); // drop nil
lua_checkstack(L, 3);
ud = lua_newuserdata(L, sz); // create new userdata
lua_pushlightuserdata(L, key);
lua_pushvalue(L, -2); // dup userdata
lua_settable(L, -4); // lookup[key] = userdata
}
return ud;
}
};
#define LUNAR_DECLARE_METHOD(Class, Name) {#Name, &Class::Name}
每日一道理
因为自信,在呀呀学语时,我靠着纤嫩的双腿,迈出人生的第一步;因为自信,我一次次将第一名的奖状高高举起;因为自信,我毫不吝惜地剪掉飘逸的长发,在运动场上展现风采……感谢自信,它给了我一双翅膀,让我在电闪雷鸣中去飞翔,在风雨中去搏击人生!
因为自信,在呀呀学语时,我靠着纤嫩的双腿,迈出人生的第一步;因为自信,我一次次将第一名的奖状高高举起;因为自信,我毫不吝惜地剪掉飘逸的长发,在运动场上展现风采……感谢自信,它给了我一双翅膀,让我在电闪雷鸣中去飞翔,在风雨中去搏击人生!
account.cc C++ code
extern "C" {
#include "lua.h"
#include "lauxlib.h"
#include "lualib.h"
}
#include "lunar.h"
class Account {
lua_Number m_balance;
public:
Account(double balance=0) : m_balance(balance) { }
void deposit(double amount) { m_balance += amount; }
void withdraw(double amount) { m_balance -= amount; }
double balance(void) { return m_balance; }
~Account() { printf("deleted Account (%p)\n", this); }
// Lua interface
Account(lua_State *L) : m_balance(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)) { }
int deposit (lua_State *L) { deposit (luaL_checknumber(L, 1)); return 0; }
int withdraw(lua_State *L) { withdraw(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)); return 0; }
int balance (lua_State *L) { lua_pushnumber(L, balance()); return 1; }
static const char className[];
static Lunar<Account>::RegType methods[];
};
const char Account::className[] = "Account";
#define method(class, name) {#name, &class::name}
Lunar<Account>::RegType Account::methods[] = {
method(Account, deposit),
method(Account, withdraw),
method(Account, balance),
{0,0}
};
static int report (lua_State *L, int status)
{
if (status) {
const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, -1);
if (msg == NULL) msg = "(error with no message)";
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: %s\n", msg);
lua_pop(L, 1);
}
return status;
}
static int application (lua_State *L)
{
lua_settop(L, 0);
lua_pushliteral(L, "_TRACEBACK");
lua_gettable(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX); // get traceback function
int tb = lua_gettop(L);
Account a;
Account *b = new Account(30);
int A = Lunar<Account>::push(L, &a);
int B = Lunar<Account>::push(L, b, true);
lua_pushliteral(L, "a");
lua_pushvalue(L, A);
lua_settable(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX);
lua_pushliteral(L, "b");
lua_pushvalue(L, B);
lua_settable(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX);
lua_pushvalue(L, A);
lua_pushnumber(L, 100.00);
report(L, Lunar<Account>::call(L, "deposit", 1, 0, tb) < 0);
lua_pushvalue(L, A);
report(L, Lunar<Account>::call(L, "show", 0, 0, tb) < 0);
lua_pushvalue(L, B);
report(L, Lunar<Account>::call(L, "show", 0, 0, tb) < 0);
lua_pushliteral(L, "main");
lua_gettable(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX);
report(L, lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, tb));
return 0;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
lua_State *L = lua_open();
luaopen_base(L);
luaopen_table(L);
luaopen_io(L);
luaopen_string(L);
luaopen_math(L);
luaopen_debug(L);
Lunar<Account>::Register(L);
if (argc>1) {
printf("loading '%s'\n", argv[1]);
if (report(L, luaL_loadfile(L, argv[1]) || lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0)) == 0) {
printf("running application\n");
if (report(L, lua_cpcall(L, &application, 0)) == 0) {
printf("okay\n");
}
}
}
lua_setgcthreshold(L, 0); // collected garbage
printf("close\n");
lua_close(L);
printf("done\n");
return 0;
}
编译代码
这个代码用lua5.0编译方法如下:
g++ -o test account.cc -L/usr/local/lib -llua -llualib
Lua Test Code
function printf(...) io.write(string.format(unpack(arg))) end
function Account:show()
printf("Account balance = $%0.02f\n", self:balance())
end
parent = {}
function parent:rob(amount)
amount = amount or self:balance()
self:withdraw(amount)
return amount
end
getmetatable(Account).__index = parent
function main()
print('a =', a)
print('b =', b)
print('metatable =', getmetatable(a))
print('Account =', Account)
table.foreach(Account, print)
a:show() a:deposit(50.30) a:show() a:withdraw(25.10) a:show()
debug.debug()
end
测试结果
$ ./test setup.lua
loading 'setup.lua'
running application
Account balance = $100.00
Account balance = $30.00
a = Account (0x22fcb0)
b = Account (0xa041d98)
metatable = table: 0xa044f28
Account = table: 0xa044f28
show function: 0xa0464a0
balance function: 0xa0455f8
withdraw function: 0xa045300
deposit function: 0xa045508
new function: 0xa044fe8
Account balance = $100.00
Account balance = $150.30
Account balance = $125.20
lua_debug> a:show()
Account balance = $125.20
lua_debug> b:show()
Account balance = $30.00
lua_debug> b:deposit(0.01) b:show()
Account balance = $30.01
lua_debug> c = Account(19.99) c:deposit(b:rob()) c:show()
Account balance = $50.00
lua_debug> b:show()
Account balance = $0.00
lua_debug> b = nil
lua_debug> print('c =', c)
c = Account (0xa048cf8)
lua_debug> cont
deleted Account (0x22fcb0)
okay
deleted Account (0xa041d98)
close
deleted Account (0xa048cf8)
done
译自:
http://lua-users.org/wiki/CallingLuaFromCpp
文章结束给大家分享下程序员的一些笑话语录: 程序员的愿望
有一天一个程序员见到了上帝.上帝: 小伙子,我可以满足你一个愿望.程序员: 我希望中国国家队能再次打进世界杯.
上帝: 这个啊!这个不好办啊,你还说下一个吧!
程序员: 那好!我的下一个愿望是每天都能休息6个小时以上.
上帝: 还是让中国国家打进世界杯.