CH1 绪论

(5) 外部变量、头文件、多个文件

 

//File:     extvar.h
#ifndef _EXTVAR_H
#define  _EXTVAR_H

#ifdef  __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#define MAXLINE 1000
int Max = 0;
char LongestLine[MAXLINE] = "";

#ifdef  __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif   /* _EXTVAR_H */

 

//getLine.c
#include<stdio.h>
int getLine( char tmpStr[]){
         int ch, i = 0;
         while((ch = getchar()) != EOF && ch != '\n'){
                tmpStr[i++] = ch;
        }
        tmpStr[i] = '\0';
         return i;
}

 

//copy.c
void copy( char target[], const char source[]){
         int i;
         for(i = 0; source[i] != '\0'; i++){
                target[i] = source[i];
        }
        target[i] = '\0';
}

 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "extvar.h"
/*
注意：程序中，MAXLINE，Max，LongestLine定义在extvar.h中
*/
int main( int argc, char** argv) {
         char tmpStr[MAXLINE];
         int length;
         while((length = getLine(tmpStr)) > 0){ //调用getLine函数
                 if(length > Max){
                        Max =    length;
                        copy(LongestLine,tmpStr); //调用copy函数
                }
        }
        printf( "The Max Length is: %d\n", Max);
        printf( "%s\n", LongestLine);
         return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

---

(4)字符数组：求最长的行

 

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define MAX 1000
/*
字符串拷贝
*/
void copy( char target[], const char source[]){ //从source拷贝到target字符数组
         int i = 0;
         while(source[i] != '\0')
                target[i] = source[i++]; //i++ 自增，向后挪
        target[i] = '\0'; //在target字符串的末尾加上'\0'
}
/*
获取最长行，并返回其长度
*/
int getLongestLine( char longestLine[]){ //用字符数组做参数，实质上传地址
         char tmpLine[MAX];
         char ch;
         int maxLength, i;

        maxLength = i = 0;
         while((ch = getchar()) != EOF){
                 if(ch != '\n') tmpLine[i++] = ch;    
                 else {
                        tmpLine[i] = '\0';
                         if(maxLength < i){ //是否出现了新的最长行
                                maxLength = i;
                                copy(longestLine, tmpLine); //copy的定义在前，调用在后
                        }
                        i = 0; //让tmpLine行重新回到行首
                }
        }
         return maxLength;
}

int main( int args, char** argv){
         char longestLine[MAX];
        printf( "Please input several lines end with Ctrl+D:\n");
         int length = getLongestLine(longestLine); //数组名作参数，传地址
        printf( "length = %d, line = %s\n", length, longestLine);
         return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

 

---

(3)用数组统计每个'0'~'9'之间每个字符出现的个数

 

/*
用数组统计每个'0'~'9'之间每个字符出现的个数
* 而不是用10个变量来记忆
*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main( int argc, char** argv){
         int ch, i, nwhite, nother;
         char ndigit[10];

        nwhite = nother = 0;
         for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                ndigit[i] = 0;

         while((ch = getchar()) != EOF){
                 if(ch <= '9' && ch >= '0') //判断ch是否满足'0'<ch<'9'
                        ndigit[ch-'0']++;     //正好可以定位到ch[x]的下标
                 else if(ch == ' ' || ch == '\t' || ch == '\n')
                        nwhite++;
                 else
                        nother++;
        }

         for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                printf( "%d's num is: %d\n", i, ndigit[i]);

        printf( "number of white is: %d\n", nwhite);
        printf( "number of other is: %d\n", nother);
        
         return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

 

---

(2) 字符输入输出及分析统计

 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define OUT 0
#define IN    1
/*
计数空格、tab、行、字的数目
*/
void count(){
         long nch;        

         int nblanks, ntabs, nlines, nwords, ch;     //声明
         int state;
        nch = 0;
        nblanks = ntabs = nlines = nwords = 0;                         //连续赋初值，从右向左
        state = OUT;
        
        printf( "\nWorld Counting");
        printf( "\nPlease input a paragraph with several lines end with Ctrl+D:\n");

         while((ch = getchar()) != EOF){
                ++nch;
                 if(ch == ' ') nblanks++;
                 else if(ch == '\t') ntabs++;
                 else if(ch == '\n') nlines++;
                 //统计字
                 if(ch == ' ' || ch == '\t' || ch == '\n') // ||或，从左到右
                        state = OUT;
                 else if(state != IN){
                        state = IN;
                        ++nwords;
                }
        }
        printf( "\nnch =%ld, nblanks = %d, ntabs = %d, nlines = %d, nwords = %d\n",
                        nch, nblanks, ntabs, nlines, nwords); //%ld表示长×××
}
/*
获取输入，去掉多余的空格，然后输出
*/
void removeBlank21(){
         int ch, nblank;
        nblank = 0;
         while((ch = getchar()) != EOF){
                 if(ch != ' ') {
                        putchar(ch);
                        nblank = 0;
                } else if(nblank == 0) {
                        putchar(ch);
                        nblank++;
                }
        }
}
/*
每行打印一个word
*/
void wordPerLine(){
        printf( "\nPlease input several strings end with Ctrl+d\n");
         int ch;
         while((ch = getchar()) != EOF){
                 if(ch == ' ' || ch == '\t')
                        putchar('\n');
                 else putchar(ch);
        }
}

int main( int argc, char** argv) {
         //count();
         //removeBlank21();
         //wordPerLine();
        printf( "\n%d\t%d\n",'A','\n');     //打印字符'A'(65)和'\n'(10)的ASCII码
         return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

 

 

---

(1) 温度对应表

 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define LOWER     0                 //符号常量
#define UPPER     300
#define STEP        20
int main( int argc, char** argv) {
         int ftemp;
         float ctemp;
/*                                             //注释
        int lower, upper, step;
        lower = 0;
        upper = 300;
        step = 20;
*/
        printf( "================================\n");
        ftemp = LOWER;
         while(ftemp <= UPPER){                             // /除符号，注意整除与float除
                ctemp = 5 * (ftemp - 32) / 9.0; //int 转换为 float
                printf( "%3d\t%5.2f\n", ftemp, ctemp); //%3d宽度为3，右对齐
                ftemp = ftemp + STEP;
        }
        printf( "================================\n");
         for(ftemp = LOWER; ftemp <= UPPER; ftemp += STEP){
                ctemp = 5 * (ftemp - 32) / 9.0;         //
                printf( "%3d\t%6.1f\n", ftemp, ctemp); //%6.1f宽度为6，小数点后一位有效数字
        }
        printf( "================================\n");
         for(ftemp = LOWER; ftemp <= UPPER; ftemp += STEP)
                printf( "%5d %6.2f\n", ftemp, (5.0/9)*(ftemp-32)); //表达式也可以错printf参数
         printf( "================================\n");
         return (EXIT_SUCCESS);    
}

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/amao99/216172