python操作数据库语句大全_Python连接PostgreSQL数据库

本篇文章帮大家学习python连接PostgreSQL数据库，包含了Python连接PostgreSQL数据库使用方法、操作技巧、实例演示和注意事项，有一定的学习价值，大家可以用来参考。

PostgreSQL可以使用psycopg2模块与Python集成。sycopg2是用于Python编程语言的PostgreSQL数据库适配器。 psycopg2是非常小，快速，稳定的。 您不需要单独安装此模块，因为默认情况下它会随着Python 2.5.x版本一起发布。 如果还没有在您的机器上安装它，那么可以使用yum命令安装它，如下所示：

$yum install python-psycopg2

要使用psycopg2模块，必须首先创建一个表示数据库的Connection对象，然后可以选择创建可以帮助您执行所有SQL语句的游标对象。

连接到数据库

以下Python代码显示了如何连接到现有的数据库。 如果数据库不存在，那么它将自动创建，最后将返回一个数据库对象。

#!/usr/bin/python

import psycopg2

conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")

print "Opened database successfully"

在这里指定使用testdb作为数据库名称，如果数据库已成功打开连接，则会提供以下消息：

Open database successfully

创建表

以下Python程序将用于在先前创建的数据库(testdb)中创建一个表：

#!/usr/bin/python

import psycopg2

conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")

print "Opened database successfully"

cur = conn.cursor()

cur.execute('''CREATE TABLE COMPANY

(ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,

NAME TEXT NOT NULL,

AGE INT NOT NULL,

ADDRESS CHAR(50),

SALARY REAL);''')

print "Table created successfully"

conn.commit()

conn.close()

当执行上述程序时，它将在数据库testdb中创建COMPANY表，并显示以下消息：

Opened database successfully

Table created successfully

插入操作

以下Python程序显示了如何在上述示例中创建的COMPANY表中创建记录：

#!/usr/bin/python

import psycopg2

conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")

print "Opened database successfully"

cur = conn.cursor()

cur.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) \

VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 )");

cur.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) \

VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 )");

cur.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) \

VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 )");

cur.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) \

VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 )");

conn.commit()

print "Records created successfully";

conn.close()

当执行上述程序时，它将在COMPANY表中创建/插入给定的记录，并显示以下两行：

Opened database successfully

Records created successfully

SELECT操作

以下Python程序显示了如何从上述示例中创建的COMPANY表中获取和显示记录：

#!/usr/bin/python

import psycopg2

conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")

print "Opened database successfully"

cur = conn.cursor()

cur.execute("SELECT id, name, address, salary from COMPANY")

rows = cur.fetchall()

for row in rows:

print "ID = ", row[0]

print "NAME = ", row[1]

print "ADDRESS = ", row[2]

print "SALARY = ", row[3], "\n"

print "Operation done successfully";

conn.close()

执行上述程序时，会产生以下结果：

Opened database successfully

ID = 1

NAME = Paul

ADDRESS = California

SALARY = 20000.0

ID = 2

NAME = Allen

ADDRESS = Texas

SALARY = 15000.0

ID = 3

NAME = Teddy

ADDRESS = Norway

SALARY = 20000.0

ID = 4

NAME = Mark

ADDRESS = Rich-Mond

SALARY = 65000.0

Operation done successfully

更新操作

以下Python代码显示了如何使用UPDATE语句来更新任何记录，然后从COMPANY表中获取并显示更新的记录：

#!/usr/bin/python

import psycopg2

conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")

print "Opened database successfully"

cur = conn.cursor()

cur.execute("UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1")

conn.commit

print "Total number of rows updated :", cur.rowcount

cur.execute("SELECT id, name, address, salary from COMPANY")

rows = cur.fetchall()

for row in rows:

print "ID = ", row[0]

print "NAME = ", row[1]

print "ADDRESS = ", row[2]

print "SALARY = ", row[3], "\n"

print "Operation done successfully";

conn.close()

执行上述程序时，会产生以下结果：

Opened database successfully

Total number of rows updated : 1

ID = 1

NAME = Paul

ADDRESS = California

SALARY = 25000.0

ID = 2

NAME = Allen

ADDRESS = Texas

SALARY = 15000.0

ID = 3

NAME = Teddy

ADDRESS = Norway

SALARY = 20000.0

ID = 4

NAME = Mark

ADDRESS = Rich-Mond

SALARY = 65000.0

Operation done successfully

删除操作

以下Python代码显示了如何使用DELETE语句来删除记录，然后从COMPANY表中获取并显示剩余的记录：

#!/usr/bin/python

import psycopg2

conn = psycopg2.connect(database="testdb", user="postgres", password="pass123", host="127.0.0.1", port="5432")

print "Opened database successfully"

cur = conn.cursor()

cur.execute("DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;")

conn.commit

print "Total number of rows deleted :", cur.rowcount

cur.execute("SELECT id, name, address, salary from COMPANY")

rows = cur.fetchall()

for row in rows:

print "ID = ", row[0]

print "NAME = ", row[1]

print "ADDRESS = ", row[2]

print "SALARY = ", row[3], "\n"

print "Operation done successfully";

conn.close()

执行上述程序时，会产生以下结果：

Opened database successfully

Total number of rows deleted : 1

ID = 1

NAME = Paul

ADDRESS = California

SALARY = 20000.0

ID = 3

NAME = Teddy

ADDRESS = Norway

SALARY = 20000.0

ID = 4

NAME = Mark

ADDRESS = Rich-Mond

SALARY = 65000.0

Operation done successfully