Building Kernels-CSDN博客

来自： http://source.android.com/source/building-kernels.html

Building Kernels

This page details how to build only the kernel. The following instructions assume you have not downloaded all of AOSP; if you have already done so, you can skip the git clone steps except the step that downloads the kernel sources.

All examples in this section use the hikey kernel.

Selecting a kernel

This table lists the name and locations of the kernel sources and binaries:

Device	Binary location	Source location	Build configuration
hikey	device/linaro/hikey-kernel	kernel/hikey-linaro	hikey_defconfig
angler	device/huawei/angler-kernel	kernel/msm	angler_defconfig
bullhead	device/lge/bullhead-kernel	kernel/msm	bullhead_defconfig
shamu	device/moto/shamu-kernel	kernel/msm	shamu_defconfig
fugu	device/asus/fugu-kernel	kernel/x86_64	fugu_defconfig
volantis	device/htc/flounder-kernel	kernel/tegra	flounder_defconfig
hammerhead	device/lge/hammerhead-kernel	kernel/msm	hammerhead_defconfig
flo	device/asus/flo-kernel/kernel	kernel/msm	flo_defconfig
deb	device/asus/flo-kernel/kernel	kernel/msm	flo_defconfig
manta	device/samsung/manta/kernel	kernel/exynos	manta_defconfig
mako	device/lge/mako-kernel/kernel	kernel/msm	mako_defconfig
grouper	device/asus/grouper/kernel	kernel/tegra	tegra3_android_defconfig
tilapia	device/asus/grouper/kernel	kernel/tegra	tegra3_android_defconfig
maguro	device/samsung/tuna/kernel	kernel/omap	tuna_defconfig
toro	device/samsung/tuna/kernel	kernel/omap	tuna_defconfig
panda	device/ti/panda/kernel	kernel/omap	panda_defconfig
stingray	device/moto/wingray/kernel	kernel/tegra	stingray_defconfig
wingray	device/moto/wingray/kernel	kernel/tegra	stingray_defconfig
crespo	device/samsung/crespo/kernel	kernel/samsung	herring_defconfig
crespo4g	device/samsung/crespo/kernel	kernel/samsung	herring_defconfig

After determining the device project you want to work with, view the git log for the kernel binary. Device projects use the form device/<vendor>/<name>.

$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/hikey-linaro
$ cd hikey-linaro
$ git log --max-count=1 kernel

The commit message for the kernel binary contains a partial git log of the kernel sources used to build the binary. The first entry in the log is the most recent (the one used to build the kernel). Make a note of the commit message as you will need it in a later step.

Identifying kernel version

To determine the kernel version used in a system image, run the following command against the kernel file:

$ dd if=kernel bs=1 skip=$(LC_ALL=C grep -a -b -o $'\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00' kernel | cut -d ':' -f 1) | zgrep -a 'Linux version'

For Nexus 5 (hammerhead), the command is:

$ dd if=zImage-dtb bs=1 skip=$(LC_ALL=C od -Ad -x -w2 zImage-dtb | grep 8b1f | cut -d ' ' -f1 | head -1) | zgrep -a 'Linux version'

Downloading sources

Download the source for the kernel you want to build using the appropriate git clone command:

$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common.git
$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/hikey-linaro
$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/x86_64.git
$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/exynos.git
$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/goldfish.git
$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/msm.git
$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/omap.git
$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/samsung.git
$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/tegra.git

The goldfish project contains the kernel sources for the emulated platforms.
The msm project has the sources for ADP1, ADP2, Nexus One, Nexus 4, Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 5X, Nexus 6P, Nexus 7 (2013), and can be used as a starting point for work on Qualcomm MSM chipsets.
The omap project is used for PandaBoard and Galaxy Nexus, and can be used as a starting point for work on TI OMAP chipsets.
The samsung project is used for Nexus S, and can be used as a starting point for work on Samsung Hummingbird chipsets.
The tegra project is for Xoom, Nexus 7 (2012), Nexus 9, and can be used as a starting point for work on NVIDIA Tegra chipsets.
The exynos project has the kernel sources for Nexus 10, and can be used as a starting point for work on Samsung Exynos chipsets.
The x86_64 project has the kernel sources for Nexus Player, and can be used as a starting point for work on Intel x86_64 chipsets.
The hikey-linaro project is used for HiKey reference boards, and can be used as a starting point for work on HiSilicon 620 chipsets.

Downloading a prebuilt gcc

Ensure the prebuilt toolchain is in your path:

$ export PATH=$(pwd)/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-eabi-4.6/bin:$PATH

$ export PATH=$(pwd)/prebuilts/gcc/darwin-x86/arm/arm-eabi-4.6/bin:$PATH

On a Linux host, if you don't have an Android source tree, you can download the prebuilt toolchain from:

$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/platform/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-eabi-4.6

Building the kernel

When you know the last commit message for a kernel and have successfully downloaded the kernel source and prebuilt gcc, you are ready to build the kernel. The following build commands use the hikey kernel:

$ export ARCH=arm64
$ export CROSS_COMPILE=aach64-linux-android-
$ cd hikey-linaro
$ git checkout -b android-hikey-linaro-4.1 origin/android-hikey-linaro-4.1
$ make hikey_defconfig
$ make

To build a different kernel, simply replace hikey-linaro with the name of the kernel you want to build.

The image outputs to the arch/arm64/boot/Image directory; the kernel binary outputs to the arch/arm64/boot/dts/hisilicon/hi6220-hikey.dtb fle. Copy the Image directory and the hi6220-hikey.dtb file to the hikey-kernel directory.

Alternatively, you can include the TARGET_PREBUILT_KERNEL variable while using make bootimage (or any other make command line that builds a boot image). This variable is supported by all devices as it is set up via device/common/populate-new-device.sh. For example:

$ export TARGET_PREBUILT_KERNEL=$your_kernel_path/arch/arm/boot/zImage-dtb

Note: Kernel names differ by device. To locate the correct filename for your kernel, refer to device/<vendor>/<name> in the kernel source.