##########unit.9###########


##########什么是openssh##########

是一个提供远程访问控制的软件


##########如何实现远程访问##########


ssh 远程主机用户@远程主机ip地址

ssh root@172.25.254.1

The authenticity of host '172.25.254.1 (172.25.254.1)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is 55:dd:43:ce:bf:94:dd:91:49:e7:97:29:63:3d:02:02.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes                     ###建立安全传输key

root@172.25.254.1's password:                                                  ###密码输入没有回显

Last failed login: Sun Oct 11 16:56:29 CST 2015 from 172.25.254.206 on ssh:notty

There was 1 failed login attempt since the last successful login.

Last login: Sun Oct 11 16:55:46 2015 from 172.25.254.206

[root@foundation1 ~]#                                                     ###登陆成功

ctrl +d |logout                                                     ###退出

[root@foundation1 ~]# logout

Connection to 172.25.254.1 closed.



[root@kocalhost ~]# vim/etc/motd                                                  ###设置登陆显示字符



##########ssh的key认证##########


###生成key###

[test@foundation0 ~]$ ssh-keygen                                         ###生成公钥和私钥的工具

Generating public/private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/home/test/.ssh/id_rsa):『enter』             ###指定加密字符保存文件，使用默认

Created directory '/home/test/.ssh'.

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):                                 ###密码，必须大于4位

Enter same passphrase again: 

Your identification has been saved in /home/test/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key has been saved in /home/test/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The key fingerprint is:                                            ###确认密码

a5:4f:02:51:68:59:f4:e8:e3:c5:91:1f:6f:86:99:06 test@foundation0.ilt.example.com

The key's randomart p_w_picpath is:

+--[ RSA 2048]----+

|      .*+        |

|      +. o .     |

|     .. . E .    |

|       o + + *   |

|        S + * +  |

|       . * . o   |

|        . .      |

|                 |

|                 |

+-----------------+


[test@foundation0 .ssh]$ pwd

/home/test/.ssh                       ###生成密钥存放位置

[test@foundation0 .ssh]$ ls

id_rsa  id_rsa.pub                       ###id_rsa位私钥，id_rsa.pub位公钥



##########使用key加密目标主机的目标用户##########


[test@foundation0 ~]$  ssh-copy-id -i /home/test/.ssh/id_rsa.pub westos@172.25.254.100


The authenticity of host '172.25.254.100 (172.25.254.100)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is eb:24:0e:07:96:26:b1:04:c2:37:0c:78:2d:bc:b0:08.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed

/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys

westos@172.25.254.100's password: 


Number of key(s) added: 1


Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'westos@172.25.254.100'"

and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.


ssh-copy-id                     ###上传key的工具

            -i                  ###指定使用的公钥

/home/test/.ssh/id_rsa.pub      ###使用公钥的名称

westos                          ###被管理的目标用户

172.25.154.100                                               ###被管理用户所在主机的ip


authorized_keys                 ###此文件在目标用户的家目录的.ssh中，这个文件就是目标用户被加密的标识，文件内容位公钥内容。



2.sshd服务的简单配置

openssh-server配置文件

vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config                ###sshd服务的配置文件


48 PermitRootLogin  yes|no              ###是否允许root用户通过sshd的认证      

78 PasswordAuthentication yes|no        ###开启或关闭用户密码认证

49 AllowUsers    username                  ###用户白名单，只允许在名单中出现的用户使用sshd服务

systemctl restart sshd                  ###重新加载配置




##########第九单元练习##########


1.在desktop主机中建立用户westos，并设定其密码为westoslinux

[root@desktop16 ~]# useradd westos

[root@desktop16 ~]# passwd westos

2.配置desktop中的sshd服务要求如下：

*）设定sshd服务只允许westos用户可以被访问使用

[root@desktop16 ~]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

48 PermitRootLogin no

49 AllowUsers westos

*）创建westos用户的key认证方式

[westos@desktop16 ~]# ssh-keygen

*）设定westos用户只允许使用key认证方式，屏蔽其系统密码认证方式

[root@desktop16 ~]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

78 PasswordAuthentication no