在awk中引用外部变量会无法生效，但使用双引号时候，内置变量会不识别；解决方法是使用三引号；

localhost ~]$ more awkfile
this is one
this is two
this is three
this is four
this is five
this is six
this is seven

$ awk '{print $3}' awkfile                             $ awk "{print $3}" awkfile   
one                                                            this is one                  
two                                                            this is two                  
three                                                          this is three                
four                                                            this is four                 
five                                                             this is five                 
six                                                               this is six                  
seven                                                          this is seven


[@localhost ~]$ more awk.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo "-----1111111111------------"
awk 'NR==2 {print $3}' awkfile
echo "-----222222222-------------"
awk "NR==2 {print $3}" awkfile
echo "-----333333333-------------"
i=2
awk 'NR==$i {print $3}' awkfile
echo "-----444444444-------------"
awk "NR==$i {print $3}" awkfile
echo "-----555555555-------------"
awk "NR==$i "'{print $3}'"" awkfile
[@localhost ~]$
[@localhost ~]$ sh awk.sh
-----1111111111------------
two
-----222222222-------------
this is two
-----333333333-------------
-----444444444-------------
this is two
-----555555555-------------
two
[@localhost ~]$


以上是个人浅薄经验，以此进行记录。