多文件Flask程序 标准结构
|-flasky
|-app/ 2.程序包
|-templates/
|-static/
|-main/
|-__init__.py
|-errors.py
|-foms.py
|-views.py
|-__init__.py
|-email.py
|-models.py
|-migrations/
|-tests/
|-__init__.py
|-venv/
|-requirements.txt
|-config.py 1.配置选项
|-manage.py
配置选项
config.py 代码如下
import os \\ 导入 os模块
basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)) \\设置 db生成 路径
class Config: \\建立 Config 类
SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') or 'hard to guess string'
SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_ON_TEARDOWN = True \\ 每次request自动提交db.session.commit(),
如果有一天你发现别的写的视图中有db.session.add,但没有db.session.commit,不要疑惑,他肯定配置了上面
的选项。这是通过app.teardown_appcontext注册实现
MAIL_SERVER = 'smtp.googlemail.com'
MAIL_PORT = 587
MAIL_USE_TLS = True
MAIL_USERNAME = os.environ.get('MAIL_USERNAME')
MAIL_PASSWORD = os.environ.get('MAIL_PASSWORD')
FLASKY_MAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX = '[Flasky]'
FLASKY_MAIL_SENDER = 'Flasky Admin <flasky@example.com>'
FLASKY_ADMIN = os.environ.get('FLASKY_ADMIN')
@staticmethod
def init_app(app):
pass
class DevelopmentConfig(Config):
DEBUG = True
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('DEV_DATABASE_URL') or \
'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir, 'data-dev.sqlite')
class TestingConfig(Config):
TESTING = True
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('TEST_DATABASE_URL') or \
'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir, 'data-test.sqlite')
class ProductionConfig(Config):
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('DATABASE_URL') or \
'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir, 'data.sqlite')
config = { 'development': DevelopmentConfig,
'testing': TestingConfig,
'production': ProductionConfig,
'default': DevelopmentConfig
}
Flask 应用加载Flask-SqlAlchemy扩展
from flask import Flask
from flask.ext.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
app = Flask(__name__) 这一步在 app/__init__.py 实现
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:tmp/test.db' 这一步在config.py 实现
db = SQLAlchemy(app) 这个就是你以后操作数据库的对象实例了 这一步在 app/__init__.py 实现
2.程序包
|-app/
|-templates/
|-static/
|-main/
|-__init__.py
|-errors.py
|-foms.py
|-views.py
|-__init__.py
|-email.py
|-models.py
(1)models.py 代码如下
from . import db \\在数据库模型文件导入 同级目录下 __init__.py 中建立的db对象
class Role(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'roles'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(64), unique=True)
users = db.relationship('User', backref='role', lazy='dynamic')
def __repr__(self):
return '<Role %r>' % self.name
class User(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'users'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
username = db.Column(db.String(64), unique=True, index=True)
role_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('roles.id'))
def __repr__(self):
return '<User %r>' % self.username
(2)__init__.py 代码如下
from flask import Flask
#导入扩展模块
from flask.ext.bootstrap import Bootstrap
from flask.ext.mail import Mail
from flask.ext.moment import Moment
from flask.ext.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from config import config
bootstrap = Bootstrap() //创建 bootstrap 对象,实例化
mail = Mail() //创建 mail 对象,实例化
moment = Moment() //创建 moment 对象,实例化
db = SQLAlchemy() //创建 db 对象,实例化
def create_app(config_name): //工厂函数 接收一个参数,是程序使用的配置名,在config.py中定义
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(config[config_name]) //通过Flask app.config 配置对象\
提供的from_object()方法直接导入程序
config[config_name].init_app(app)
#通过创建的扩展对象上调用init_app()可以完成初始化过程
bootstrap.init_app(app)
mail.init_app(app)
moment.init_app(app)
db.init_app(app)
# 附加路由和自定义错误页面
from .main import main as main_blueprint //导入蓝本
app.register_blueprint(main_blueprint) //对蓝本进行登记注册
return app
"bootstrap = Bootstrap()
bootstrap.init_app(app)" 等效于 "bootstrap = Bootstrap(app)"
(3)main/__init__.py 代码如下
from flask import Blueprint
main = Blueprint('main', __name__) //实例化一个Buleprint类创建蓝本(蓝本名,蓝本所在的包)
from . import views, errors //在同级目录下 导入路由和错误处理程序
(4)main/views.py 代码如下
from flask import render_template, session, redirect, url_for, current_app
from .. import db //导入 上级目录下 __init__.py 中建立的main对象
from ..models import User //导入 上级目录下 models.py 中的User类
from ..email import send_email
from . import main //导入 同级目录下 __init__.py 中建立的main对象
from .forms import NameForm //导入 同级目录下 form.py 中的NameForm类
@main.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
form = NameForm()
if form.validate_on_submit():
user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.name.data).first()
if user is None:
user = User(username=form.name.data)
db.session.add(user)
session['known'] = False
if current_app.config['FLASKY_ADMIN']:
send_email(current_app.config['FLASKY_ADMIN'], 'New User',
'mail/new_user', user=user)
else:
session['known'] = True
session['name'] = form.name.data
return redirect(url_for('.index'))
return render_template('index.html',
form=form, name=session.get('name'),
known=session.get('known', False))
(4)main/form.py 代码如下
from flask.ext.wtf import Form
from wtforms import StringField, SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import Required
class NameForm(Form):
name = StringField('What is your name?', validators=[Required()])
submit = SubmitField('Submit')
(5)main/errors.py 代码如下
from flask import render_template
from . import main
@main.app_errorhandler(404)
def page_not_found(e):
return render_template('404.html'), 404
@main.app_errorhandler(500)
def internal_server_error(e):
return render_template('500.html'), 500
3.启动脚本
manage.py 代码如下:
import os
from app import create_app, db
from app.models import User, Role
from flask.ext.script import Manager, Shell
from flask.ext.migrate import Migrate, MigrateCommand
app = create_app(os.getenv('FLASK_CONFIG') or 'default')
manager = Manager(app)
migrate = Migrate(app, db)
def make_shell_context():
return dict(app=app, db=db, User=User, Role=Role)
manager.add_command("shell", Shell(make_context=make_shell_context))
manager.add_command('db', MigrateCommand)
@manager.command
def test():
"""Run the unit tests."""
import unittest
tests = unittest.TestLoader().discover('tests')
unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(tests)
if __name__ == '__main__':
manager.run()
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/bobo123/1702814