keepalived安装及配置 1、192.168.1.201服务器上keepalived安装及配置 安装keepalived 1. #tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.20.tar.gz 2. #cd keepalived-1.1.20 3. #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-164.el5-i686 4. #make && make install 配置keepalived 我们自己在新建一个配置文件,默认情况下keepalived启动时会去/etc/keepalived目录下找配置文件 1. #mkdir /etc/keepalived 2. #vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 3. ! Configuration File for keepalived 4. global_defs { 5. notification_email { 6. luwenju@live.cn 7. } 8. notification_email_from luwenju@live.cn 9. smtp_server 127.0.0.1 10. smtp_connect_timeout 30 11. router_id MySQL-ha 12. } 13. 14. vrrp_instance VI_1 { 15. state BACKUP #两台配置此处均是BACKUP 16. interface eth0 17. virtual_router_id 51 18. priority 100 #优先级,另一台改为90 19. advert_int 1 20. nopreempt #不抢占,只在优先级高的机器上设置即可,优先级低的机器不设置 21. authentication { 22. auth_type PASS 23. auth_pass 1111 24. } 25. virtual_ipaddress { 26. 192.168.1.200 27. } 28. } 29. 30. virtual_server 192.168.1.200 3306 { 31. delay_loop 2 #每个2秒检查一次real_server状态 32. lb_algo wrr #LVS算法 33. lb_kind DR #LVS模式 34. persistence_timeout 60 #会话保持时间 35. protocol TCP 36. real_server 192.168.1.201 3306 { 37. weight 3 38. notify_down /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh #检测到服务down后执行的脚本 39. TCP_CHECK { 40. connect_timeout 10 #连接超时时间 41. nb_get_retry 3 #重连次数 42. delay_before_retry 3 #重连间隔时间 43. connect_port 3306 #健康检查端口 44. } 45. } 编写检测服务down后所要执行的脚本 1. #vi /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh 2. #!/bin/sh 3. pkill keepalived 4. #chmod +x /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh 注:此脚本是上面配置文件notify_down选项所用到的,keepalived使用notify_down选项来检查real_server的服务状态,当发现real_server服务故障时,便触发此脚本;我们可以看到,脚本就一个命令,通过pkill keepalived强制杀死keepalived进程,从而实现了MySQL故障自动转移。另外,我们不用担心两个MySQL会同时提供数据更新操作,因为每台MySQL上的keepalived的配置里面只有本机MySQL的IP+VIP,而不是两台MySQL的IP+VIP 启动keepalived 1. #/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived –D 2. #ps -aux | grep keepalived 测试 找一台局域网PC,然后去ping MySQL的VIP,这时候MySQL的VIP是可以ping的通的 停止MySQL服务,看keepalived健康检查程序是否会触发我们编写的脚本 2、192.168.1.202上keepalived安装及配置 安装keepalived 1. #tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.20.tar.gz 2. #cd keepalived-1.1.20 3. #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-164.el5-i686 4. #make && make install 配置keepalived 这台配置和上面基本一样,但有三个地方不同:优先级为90、无抢占设置、real_server为本机IP 1. #mkdir /etc/keepalived 2. #vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 3. ! Configuration File for keepalived 4. global_defs { 5. notification_email { 6. luwenju@live.cn 7. } 8. notification_email_from luwenju@live.cn 9. smtp_server 127.0.0.1 10. smtp_connect_timeout 30 11. router_id MySQL-ha 12. } 13. 14. vrrp_instance VI_1 { 15. state BACKUP 16. interface eth0 17. virtual_router_id 51 18. priority 90 19. advert_int 1 20. authentication { 21. auth_type PASS 22. auth_pass 1111 23. } 24. virtual_ipaddress { 25. 192.168.1.200 26. } 27. } 28. 29. virtual_server 192.168.1.200 3306 { 30. delay_loop 2 31. lb_algo wrr 32. lb_kind DR 33. persistence_timeout 60 34. protocol TCP 35. real_server 192.168.1.202 3306 { 36. weight 3 37. notify_down /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh 38. TCP_CHECK { 39. connect_timeout 10 40. nb_get_retry 3 41. delay_before_retry 3 42. connect_port 3306 43. } 44. } 编写检测服务down后所要执行的脚本 1. #vi /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh 2. #!/bin/sh 3. pkill keepalived 4. #chmod +x /usr/local/MySQL/bin/MySQL.sh 5. 6. 启动keepalived 7. #/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived –D 8. #ps -aux | grep keepalived 测试 停止MySQL服务,看keepalived健康检查程序是否会触发我们编写的脚本 三、测试 MySQL远程登录测试 我们找一台安装有MySQL客户端的windows,然后登录VIP,看是否能登录,在登录之两台MySQL服务器都要授权允许从远程登录 1. MySQL> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456'; 2. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 3. 4. MySQL> flush privileges; 5. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 使用客户端登录VIP测试 1. C:\MySQL\bin>MySQL.exe -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.1.200 -P3306 2. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. 3. Your MySQL connection id is 224 4. Server version: 5.0.89-log Source distribution 5. 6. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. 7. 8. MySQL> ● keepalived故障转移测试 ※在windows客户端一直去ping VIP,然后关闭192.168.1.201上的keepalived,正常情况下VIP就会切换到192.168.1.202上面去 ※开启192.168.1.201上的keepalived,关闭192.168.1.202上的keepalived,看是否能自动切换,正常情况下VIP又会属于192.168.1.201 注:keepalived切换速度还是非常块的,整个切换过程只需1-3秒 ● MySQL故障转移测试 ※在192.168.1.201上关闭MySQL服务,看VIP是否会切换到192.168.1.202上 ※开启192.168.1.201上的MySQL和keepalived,然后关闭192.168.1.202上的MySQL,看VIP是否会切换到192.168.1.201上 下面是用windows客户端连接的MySQL的VIP,在切换时我执行了一个MySQL查询命令,从执行show databases到显示出结果时间为3-5秒(大家可以看到上面有个错误提示,不过不用担心,因为我们的keepalived切换大概为3秒左右,这3秒左右VIP是谁都不属于的) 1. MySQL> show databases; 2. ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away 3. No connection. Trying to reconnect... 4. Connection id: 592 5. Current database: *** NONE *** 6. 7. +--------------------+ 8. | Database | 9. +--------------------+ 10. | information_schema | 11. | MySQL | 12. | test | 13. +--------------------+ 14. 3 rows in set (9.01 sec) 后话:世间万事万物,都不具备绝对的完美,就像上面的MySQL-HA一样,keepalived只能做到对3306的健康检查,但是做不到比如像MySQL复制中的slave-SQL、slave-IO进程的检查。所以要想做到一些细致的健康检查,还得需要借助额外的监控工具,比如nagios,然后用nagios实现短信、邮件报警,从而能够有效地解决问题。