连接词

 

连接词的功能== 连接单字,片语,或子句。

 

例如1. splendid ! The dancers splayed and did the splits。          split劈腿  splay张开

                             这些跳舞的人在张开双臂和劈腿。

She was two-timed by her boyfried

            她的男朋友太花心了。

 

例如2. Do you write with your right hand or your left hand?

                             你是用你的右手写字还是用你的左手写字呢?

                        

例如3. I always  rely on him  when  I am in trouble。  rely on 依靠

                   当我麻烦的时候总是依靠他。

 

连接词的种类

1. 对等的连接词连接同词性的单字,片语,子句。

1 and (和, 并且, 那么)

例如1. 当个大学生和在大学求学是两回事。

Being a college student and studying at college are two different things .

    主语要有名词的特性

例如2. 我们可以呼吸新鲜的空气和享受美丽的风景。

We can have fresh air and enjoy beautiful scenery.                 scenery.风景

 

例如3.一直走,那么你就会看到那家餐厅在你的右手边。

Go straight. And you will see the restaurant on your right .

                                                            On the right 在右边

                                                            In the right 正确的。

                                                            In the wrong 错误的

2 but (但是)

例如1. 那小女孩跌倒了,但是没有哭。

     The little girl fell down but( she) didint cry   fell down 跌倒   fall (秋天)

                                                           Fall (掉落)

                                     省略

例如2. 我爸爸妈妈答应让我跟你出去, 但是他们要求我必须在12点以前回家。

 

My parents agree to let me go out with you but they ask me to come home before 12:00

 

 

谢孟媛英文初级文法  第53集笔记

 

3 or (或者,否则)

例如1. 你较喜欢哪一种, 咖啡或茶?  Prefer === like ~~better 较喜欢

       What would you prefer coffee or tea?

例如2. 你可将碳转成钻石或是将沙子转变成电脑晶片。

      You can turn coal into diamonds or you can turn sand into computer chips.

   

                   ~~~变成~~~                                                            ~~~变成~~~

例如3 书展一定要办否则这些书无法在一周内卖完。

The (book) fair must be held , or the books wont be  sold outin a week

     可以省                                          未来时      被动

 

注意  祈使句, and 那么+主语+动词~~

      祈使句, or 否则+主语+动词~~

 

例如1. Go to the shop at once ,or it will be closed .立即去那家店铺,否则它要关门了。

例如2.Go to the bookstore And youll find foreign books. 去那家书店你就会找到外国书。

 

4  so 所以---只能连接两个句子

 

例如1.有些人不曾想过未来,所以他们东西只用一次就丢掉。

 

Some people never think of the future, so they only use things once and throw them away

                               

                                                   只用                   丢去

例如2.我们共享这个世界,所以我们每人都必须各异本分。Share 享受

 

We share this world ,so each of us has to do our part.

 

 

#对等的相关连接词===Both ~~~and (~~两者都)

                   Not only ~~but also (不仅~~而且)

                   Either~~~or (不是~~就是)

 

例如1. 她希望藉由慢跑减肥和塑型。

 

She hopes both to lose weight and shape up by jogging .

 

例如2. 他不仅弄坏了机器还把过错腿大到我头上。 put the blame 推责任。

 He not only broke  the machine  but also)  put the blame on me .

                             

                             Also可省      put the blame on me as well.

 

 

谢孟媛英文初级文法  第54集笔记

 

 

例如3. 你可用现金或支票付款。

You can pay either in cash or by check .

 

例如4.  Both Frence and German are spoken in this region.       region.地区

                          在这个区域说法文和德文。

        Not only I  but also  they are angry with you . 不仅连他们也生你的气。

       

        Either you or I am (in the) right  不是你就是我对。

        

Neithermy mother nor I was listening to the news on TV.

不是我妈妈也不是我再在收听电视新闻。

 

       Mr.wang as will as the student was late for class. 王老师学生一样迟到。

 

         

2. 从属连接词------引导名词子句或副词子句。

 

名词子句---- 由that whether/if 引导,在句中当主语,补语,宾语。

 

例如   I know  her name    (我知道她的名字)

              That she is cathy(我知道她是凯西)

 

副词子句when ,if 等连接词引导,和一般副词一样,表示时间,条件等

 

例如 It snows  in winter (冬天会下雪。)

              When winter comes (冬天来临会下雪。)

 

副词表示: 时间, 地点, 条件,原因,理由。这5

 

特别注意副词子句的时态

主要子句   副词子句

现在时       现在时

过去时       过去时

未来时       现在时

 

 

例如1.  I don’t know if my parents willcomeback home tomorrow .

                                  我不知道我的父母明天是会不会回家。

例如2. If my parents come back home tomorrow Ill call you (up).

                                  如果我爸妈明天回来的话我会打电话给你。

 

1名词子句----that +主语+动词

 

 当主语

 

例如1.     She will come     她回来

                                          合并一句。

It is almost certain  几乎确定

         She will come is almost certain。这样是不对的。

 

That she will come  is almost certain .这样也可以但是外国人习惯用下面的句子

 

It is almost certain that she will come .  几乎是确定她要来。(外国人常这样说)

 

 

 

谢孟媛英文初级文法  第55集笔记

 

                     小主语   小动词

例如2. That the world’s climate   is getting hotter  is beyond any doubt

                     (大主语)                         (大动词)     无庸质疑

全球气候的温暖化是无庸质疑的。

It is beyond any doubt that the worlds climat is getting hotter .        climat 气候

                                                                          Weather天气

大主语

当补语be动词之后,当主语补语。Thet 不可省略

例如 麻烦的事是我身上没有钱。

The trouble is  that have no money woith me     I dont have any money 我没有钱。

当宾语- 放在一般动词当宾语that 可以省

例如1.  他说他正考虑将办公室从台北搬到高雄

      He says  that he is thinking of moving his office from taipei to kaosiung.

例如2. 我真的不敢相信他已经犯了三次同样的错误。

      I  cant beileve (that) he has madethe same mistake three times.

                          现在完成时     同样的错误……

*若有and , but 等连接两that 子句时,第一个that可省第二个that不可以省

例如 Mother said  (that) you stayed home  and  that you had to do all 

 

                    可省                           不能省

妈妈说你待在家里并且说你必须做所有的家务。

当同为语

a rumor (谣传)that S V news that S U中的that 子句和a rumor/ news是同位

例如1. I heard the newsthat a new student would join our class,

我听到了个消息说有个新的同学要加入到我们班里。

 

2)名词子句 if / whether是否+主语+动词当主语

大主语是否  

例如 Whether he will come or not  makes no difference . 他是否能来是没有差别的。

    Whether 当主语 时不能用if        第三人称加S                   NO后面接名词

It  makes no difference whenther he will come (or not)

当补语

例如 The question is  whether I should buy it or rent it

                    不能用if

 

 

谢孟媛英文初级文法  第56集笔记

 

当宾语==whether +主语S +动词V当宾语 可以等于If SV

例如 He asked me if /whether it would be fine tomorrow .他问我明天是否天气晴朗

因为asked 是过去式所以要用would 如果asks 要用will

(3) 表示时间的副词子句

After      之后                  Until    直到             As soon as .  一什么~~就什么

As        当什么时候.              Till.     直到            While.   当什么时候 

Before     之前                  When.   当什么时候       Since..      自从                                   

例如1. 在我告诉你们答案之后,请大声的跟我读一遍。

After I tell you the anwers , please repeat them after me loudly.   Repeat 重复

 

例如2. 在进中国人的屋子前,先脱掉鞋子是个习俗。

It is a custom to take off the shoes before you go into a chinese mans house

 

 

例如3. 350度来加热饼干直到显现淡棕色

    Heat the cookies at 350 degrees untilthey turn light brown .

 

例如4. 当你吃药时务必照下述医生指示。      directions 指示         below.下面

When you take madicine, be sure to follow the dactors directions below.

 

例如5. While I was sleeping, there was noise outside.   时间副词放前面

两个句子中间一定要有逗点。

      There was noise outside while I was sleeping .  时间副词也可以放在后面

      

       When my dad came back .I was sleeping .

 

*While所引导的从属子句常使用进行时。When引导的是过去时。所以不能代替。

 

 

(4) 表示地点的副词子句==where 引导

 

例如1. where there is a willthere is a way .  有志者 事竟成。

                         意志

例如2. put it back where it was放回原处

 

(5) 表示原因,理由的副词子句==because(最强). Since() . as(最弱引导

Because so 不可同时出现。

 

例如 因为我非常累了,所以我没有去。exhausted 筋疲力尽的;精疲力竭的 very tired 很累

Because I was exhausted ,I didnt go .

I didnt go because I was exhausted .

I was exhausted , so I didnt go

 

 

 

谢孟媛英文初级文法  第57集笔记

 

 练习题。

例如1. 我总是喜欢到那家面包店买蛋糕,因为晚上8点后8折。   Bakery 面包店

     I always like to buy cakes in that bakery because they are 20%off after eight in the evening

                                                         twenty Percent 20%

例如2.因为室外天气宜人凉爽,我们在花园吃午餐。

We ate lunch in the garden since it was nice and cool outside.

 

例如3. 因为今天是星期天,公车上几乎没有学生。

There are few studentson the bus as it is Sunday today.

           名词复数

下面的情况必须用because 前用why时。

例如1. Why is he absent? Because he is ill.. 为什么他缺席呢? 因为他生病了。

例如2. He is absent not because he is busy but he is ill. 他缺席不是因为他忙而是因为他病了。

(6)表示条件的副词子句==If 如果

例如1. 如果你继续吃速食不久你将尝到苦果。Bitter fruits 苦果before long不久

If you keep eating fast food ,youll taste the bitter fruits before long.

(7) 表示(让步)的副词子句 though(随然) although(尽管,虽然)

whether or not(无论是否)

例如1. Though Taiwan is small, I love it ,after all it is my homeland.   

虽然台湾不大,但我很爱它,它毕竟是我的故乡。    After all 毕竟

        

            Its

As (虽然)       副词                +as SV~~~~~SV~~~

            名词(前不加冠词)

例如1. Although she is a teacher, she isnt patient with children.  Patient  n.病人a.耐心

                         虽然她是老师,但是他对小孩确没有耐心。

  改成用as

Teacher as she is , she isnt patient with children.( 这句话比较古老的)     famous 著名

例如2. whether it rains or not the final game will be played .   final 最后,最终

不论是否下雨,比赛都会举行。

             第三人称+S

 

8)表示结果,目地的副词子句==so~~~that(如此~~以至于)  so that(所以)

 

例如1.It was so heavy that we couldn’t move it   这个很重我们搬不动。

改成                                       

  It was too heavy for us to move.           Too~~~to 太怎么样不怎么样

 

例如2. It was such a co l hairstyle that I want to imitate it        imitate 模仿

   改成                                        好酷的发型,我想要模仿。

I was socool a hairstyle that I want to imitate it

例如3. their house burned downso that they had nowhere to live.   burned down 烧毁

因为他们的房子烧毁了所以他们没有地方住。