python中组合与继承的区别_Python：继承与组合

继承父母的父母或儿童的父母是绝对不好的.

正确的方法是创建一个基类,让我们说Person,并从中继承Child和Parent.

执行此操作的一个优点是删除代码重复,此时您只将firstname / lastname字段复制到两个对象中,但您可能有更多数据或其他方法,例如get_name()来处理此数据.

这是一个例子：

class Person(object):

def __init__(self, firstname, lastname):

self.firstname = firstname

self.lastname = lastname

def get_name(self):

return '%s %s' % (self.firstname, self.lastname)

class Parent(Person):

def __init__(self, firstname, lastname):

super(Parent, self).__init__(firstname, lastname)

self.kids = []

def havechild(self, firstname):

print self.firstname, "is having a child"

self.kids.append(Child(self, firstname))

class Child(Person):

def __init__(self, parent, firstname):

super(Parent, self).__init__(firstname, parent.lastname)

self.parent = parent

另一种方法是在没有继承的情况下执行此操作,但只有一个Person对象(vs Parent和Child).

跟踪家庭状态和父母/孩子的功能可以移动到另一个对象.

这种方法的一个优点是你遵循single responsibility principle并保持对象简单,每个对象只做一件事.

这是一个例子：

from collections import defaultdict

class Person(object):

def __init__(self, firstname, lastname):

self.firstname = firstname

self.lastname = lastname

def get_name(self):

return '%s %s' % (self.firstname, self.lastname)

class FamilyRegistry(object):

def __init__(self):

self.kids = defaultdict(list)

def register_birth(self, parent, child_name):

print parent.firstname, "is having a child"

child = Person(child_name, parent.lastname)

self.kids[parent.lastname].append(child)

return child

def print_children(self, person):

children = self.kids[person.lastname]

if len(children) == 0:

print '%s has no children' % person.get_name()

return

for child in children:

print child.get_name()

它的工作原理如下：

joe = Person('Joe', 'Black')

jill = Person('Jill', 'White')

registry = FamilyRegistry()

registry.register_birth(joe, 'Joe Junior') # Joe is having a child

registry.register_birth(joe, 'Tina') # Joe is having a child

registry.print_children(joe) # Joe Junior Black

# Tina Black

registry.print_children(jill) # Jill White has no children