继承父母的父母或儿童的父母是绝对不好的.
正确的方法是创建一个基类,让我们说Person,并从中继承Child和Parent.
执行此操作的一个优点是删除代码重复,此时您只将firstname / lastname字段复制到两个对象中,但您可能有更多数据或其他方法,例如get_name()来处理此数据.
这是一个例子:
class Person(object):
def __init__(self, firstname, lastname):
self.firstname = firstname
self.lastname = lastname
def get_name(self):
return '%s %s' % (self.firstname, self.lastname)
class Parent(Person):
def __init__(self, firstname, lastname):
super(Parent, self).__init__(firstname, lastname)
self.kids = []
def havechild(self, firstname):
print self.firstname, "is having a child"
self.kids.append(Child(self, firstname))
class Child(Person):
def __init__(self, parent, firstname):
super(Parent, self).__init__(firstname, parent.lastname)
self.parent = parent
另一种方法是在没有继承的情况下执行此操作,但只有一个Person对象(vs Parent和Child).
跟踪家庭状态和父母/孩子的功能可以移动到另一个对象.
这种方法的一个优点是你遵循single responsibility principle并保持对象简单,每个对象只做一件事.
这是一个例子:
from collections import defaultdict
class Person(object):
def __init__(self, firstname, lastname):
self.firstname = firstname
self.lastname = lastname
def get_name(self):
return '%s %s' % (self.firstname, self.lastname)
class FamilyRegistry(object):
def __init__(self):
self.kids = defaultdict(list)
def register_birth(self, parent, child_name):
print parent.firstname, "is having a child"
child = Person(child_name, parent.lastname)
self.kids[parent.lastname].append(child)
return child
def print_children(self, person):
children = self.kids[person.lastname]
if len(children) == 0:
print '%s has no children' % person.get_name()
return
for child in children:
print child.get_name()
它的工作原理如下:
joe = Person('Joe', 'Black')
jill = Person('Jill', 'White')
registry = FamilyRegistry()
registry.register_birth(joe, 'Joe Junior') # Joe is having a child
registry.register_birth(joe, 'Tina') # Joe is having a child
registry.print_children(joe) # Joe Junior Black
# Tina Black
registry.print_children(jill) # Jill White has no children