一:概述
作为HTML5新特性之一的WebSocket组件,在实时性有一定要求的WEB应用开发中还是有一定用武之地,高版本的IE、Chrome、FF浏览器都支持Websocket,标准的Websocket通信是基于RFC6455实现服务器端与客户端握手与消息接发的。如果对Websocket通信不是太理解,可以查看RFC文档即可,简单说就是通过发送HTTP请求,实现双方握手,将无状态的HTTP通信协议进一步升级成有状态的通信协议,同时Websocket还支持子协议选项与安全传输。标准的websocket连接URL以ws开头,如果是基于TLS的则以wss开头。基于Websocket可以很方便的开发基于web聊天程序,各种网页消息通知与推送通知。
如果非要扒一扒websocket的今生前世的话,还记得最早的基于HTTP轮询实现网页即时通信的方式,那种做法比较消耗资源、于是有人改进了编程CometD长连接方式,可是本质上还是换汤不换药,而websocket的出现正好解决了这些问题,但是很多浏览器的低版本还是不支持websocket,于是还催生了一些基于websocket理念实现的JS通信框架,其中学得比较像的有SockJS与socket.io,他们都号称支持websocket,然后如果浏览器端不支持原生的websocket,它们会自动启用fallback选项使用其它诸如ajax、Http轮询、长轮询/连接、甚至是flash的socket等机制实现模拟websocket的工作方式,但是他们最大的弊端是如果客户端使用了这些框架,服务器必须用它们,否则等待开发者就是一大堆无法回避的问题,同时很多都是无解的。主要原因在于它们实现自己的协议集,不照它们的格式处理数据没法玩。闲话说的有点多。
二 : 实现步骤
Tomcat7的高版本中实现了websocket服务器端RFC6455标准协议,可以跟浏览器端websocket进行通信,首先要做好如下几步:
1. 安装高版本JDK – JDK8
2. 安装tomcat 7.0.64
3. 在eclipse中建立一个动态的web项目
根据JSR标准,Java中实现websocket的标准接口可以基于注解方式,tomcat也搞好了,只有我们实现如下代码,即可创建一个websocket回声服务器:
package com.websocket.demo;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import javax.websocket.OnMessage;
import javax.websocket.OnOpen;
import javax.websocket.Session;
import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;
@ServerEndpoint(value = "/echo")
public class EchoExample {
@OnMessage
public void echoTextMessage(Session session, String msg, boolean last) {
try {
if (session.isOpen()) {
System.out.println("received from client message = " + msg);
session.getBasicRemote().sendText(msg, last);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
try {
session.close();
} catch (IOException e1) {
}
}
}
@OnOpen
public void openConn(Session session) throws IOException {
session.getBasicRemote().sendText("hello web socket"); // means open it
}
@OnMessage
public void echoBinaryMessage(Session session, ByteBuffer bb, boolean last) {
System.out.println("send binary message...");
try {
if (session.isOpen()) {
System.out.println("byte buffer lenghth : " + bb.array().length);
System.out.println("byte buffer content: " + ((bb.array()[0]) & 0xff));
System.out.println("byte buffer content: " + ((bb.array()[1]) & 0xff));
System.out.println("byte buffer content: " + ((bb.array()[2]) & 0xff));
session.getBasicRemote().sendBinary(bb, last);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
try {
session.close();
} catch (IOException e1) {
// Ignore
}
}
}
}
如何在tomcat中启动websocket服务器,首先需要在web.xml添加如下配置:
<listener>
<listener-class>org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsContextListener</listener-class>
</listener>
然后实现ServerApplicationConfig接口,实现如下:
/*
*
*/
package com.config.websocket.client;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.websocket.Endpoint;
import javax.websocket.server.ServerApplicationConfig;
import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpointConfig;
public class ScanWebSocketSeverConfig implements ServerApplicationConfig {
@Override
public Set<ServerEndpointConfig> getEndpointConfigs(Set<Class<? extends Endpoint>> scanned) {
Set<ServerEndpointConfig> result = new HashSet<ServerEndpointConfig>();
/* if (scanned.contains(EchoWsChatSever.class)) {
result.add(ServerEndpointConfig.Builder.create(EchoWsChatSever.class, "/echo").build());
}*/
return result;
}
@Override
public Set<Class<?>> getAnnotatedEndpointClasses(Set<Class<?>> scanned) {
Set<Class<?>> results = new HashSet<Class<?>>();
for (Class<?> clazz : scanned) {
if (clazz.getPackage().getName().startsWith("com.websocket.")) {
System.out.println("find end point : " + clazz.getName());
results.add(clazz);
}
}
return results;
}
}
创建网页echo.html,内容如下:
<html>
<head>
<title>Web Socket Echo Test</title>
<script>
var ws = null;
var count = 0;
function setConnected(connected) {
document.getElementById('connect').disabled = connected;
document.getElementById('disconnect').disabled = !connected;
document.getElementById('echo').disabled = !connected;
}
function connect() {
var target = document.getElementById('target').value;
if (target == '') {
alert('Please select server side connection implementation.');
return;
}
if ('WebSocket' in window) {
ws = new WebSocket(target);
} else if ('MozWebSocket' in window) {
ws = new MozWebSocket(target);
} else {
alert('WebSocket is not supported by this browser.');
return;
}
ws.onopen = function () {
setConnected(true);
log('Info: WebSocket connection opened.');
};
ws.onmessage = function (event) {
log('Received: ' + event.data);
if(event.data instanceof ArrayBuffer)
{
var bytes = new Uint8Array(event.data);
alert(bytes.length + " : " + bytes[0]);
}
};
ws.onclose = function (event) {
setConnected(false);
log('Info: WebSocket connection closed, Code: ' + event.code + (event.reason == "" ? "" : ", Reason: " + event.reason));
};
}
function disconnect() {
if (ws != null) {
ws.doClose();
ws = null;
}
setConnected(false);
}
function echo() {
if (ws != null) {
var message = document.getElementById('message').value;
log('Sent: ' + message);
ws.send(JSON.stringify({'textMessage': message}));
count++
} else {
alert('WebSocket connection not established, please connect.');
}
}
function log(message) {
var echomsg = document.getElementById('echomsg');
var p = document.createElement('p');
p.style.wordWrap = 'break-word';
p.appendChild(document.createTextNode(message));
echomsg.appendChild(p);
while (echomsg.childNodes.length > 25) {
echomsg.removeChild(console.firstChild);
}
echomsg.scrollTop = console.scrollHeight;
}
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
// Remove elements with "noscript" class - <noscript> is not allowed in XHTML
var noscripts = document.getElementsByClassName("noscript");
for (var i = 0; i < noscripts.length; i++) {
noscripts[i].parentNode.removeChild(noscripts[i]);
}
}, false);
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<h4>URL - ws://localhost:8080/websocket/echo</h4>
<input id="target" type="text" size="40" style="width: 350px" />
</div>
<div>
<button id="connect" οnclick="connect();">Connect</button>
<button id="disconnect" disabled="disabled" οnclick="disconnect();">Disconnect</button>
</div>
<div>
<textarea id="message" style="width: 350px">Here is a message!</textarea>
</div>
<div>
<button id="echo" οnclick="echo();" disabled="disabled">Echo message</button>
</div>
<div id="echomsg">
</div>
</body>
</html>
三 :运行与测试
打包部署到tomcat之后,启动chrom浏览器,输入地址:
http://localhost:8080/websocket/echo.html
后来,我还发现,tomcat实现websocket服务器端居然不支持子协议
跟3W上的测试URL结果不一样。