python-05

去除空格

方法一：使用字符串

1. #!/usr/bin/env python
2. whitespace = ' \t\n\r\v\f'
4. def myStrip(chs):
5. pass
7. def myLstrip(chs):
8. if len(chs) ==0:
9. return chs
11. strlen = len(chs)
12. for i in range(strlen):
13. if chs[i] not in whitespace:
14. break
15. else:
16. return ''
18. return chs[i:]
20. def myRstrip(chs):
21. if len(chs) == 0:
22. return chs
24. strlen =len(chs)
25. for i in range(-1, -(strlen + 1), -1):
26. if chs[i] not in whitespace:
27. break
28. else:
29. return ''
31. return chs[:i + 1]
33. if __name__ == '__main__':
34. myStr = ' hello '
35. print '|' + myStr + '|'
36. # print '|' + myStrip[myStr] + '|'
37. print '|' + myLstrip(myStr) + '|'
38. print '|' + myRstrip(myStr) + '|'

方法二：使用列表

1. #!/usr/bin/env python
2. whitespace = ' \t\n\r\v\f'
4. def myStrip(chs):
5. pass
7. def myLstrip(chs):
8. if len(chs) == 0:
9. return chs
11. chsList = []
12. chsList.extend(chs)
13. for i in range(len(chsList)):
14. if chsList[0] in whitespace:
15. chsList.pop(0)
16. else:
17. break
18. return ''.join(chsList)
20. def myRstrip(chs):
21. if len(chs) == 0:
22. return chs
24. chsList = []
25. chsList.extend(chs)
26. for i in range(len(chsList)):
27. if chsList[-1] in whitespace:
28. chsList.pop()
29. else:
30. break
31. return ''.join(chsList)
33. if __name__ == '__main__':
34. myStr = ' hello '
35. print '|' + myStr + '|'
36. # print '|' + myStrip[myStr] + '|'
37. print '|' + myLstrip(myStr) + '|'
38. print '|' + myRstrip(myStr) + '|'

创建一个整数到IP地址的转换程序，如下格式： WWW.XXX.YYY.ZZZ

如2130706433转换为127.0.0.1

1. #!/usr/bin/env python
3. def ip2int(ipaddr):
4. iplist = ipaddr.split('.')
5. result = 0
6. for i in range(4):
7. result += int(iplist[i]) * (256 ** (3 - i))
8. return result
10. def int2ip(num):
11. iplist = []
12. for i in range(3):
13. num, modnum = divmod(num, 256)
14. iplist.insert(0,str(modnum))
15. iplist.insert(0, str(num))
16. return '.'.join(iplist)
18. def test():
19. ip = raw_input('Input an ip address: ')
20. print ip2int(ip)
21. number = int(raw_input('Input a number: '))
22. print int2ip(number)
24. if __name__ == '__main__':
25. test()

一、字典的定义

1. >>> mydict = {'name' : 'tom', 'age' : 23}
2. >>> adict = {}
3. >>> bdict = {}.fromkeys(('x', 'y'), 10)
4. >>> bdict
5. {'y': 10, 'x': 10}
6. 打印字典的每个键－值对：
7. >>> for eachKey in bdict:
8. ... print '%s:%s' % (eachKey,bdict[eachKey])
9. ...
10. y:10
11. x:10
12. >>> bdict
13. {'y': 10, 'x': 10}
14. 更新字典
15. >>> mydict['name'] = bob
16. Traceback (most recent call last):
17. File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
18. NameError: name 'bob' is not defined
19. >>> mydict['name'] = 'bob'
20. >>> mydict['email'] = 'bob@test.com'
21. >>> mydict
22. {'age': 23, 'name': 'bob', 'email': 'bob@test.com'}、
23. 删除
24. >>> del mydict['age']
25. >>>
26. >>> mydict
27. {'name': 'bob', 'email': 'bob@test.com'}
28. >>> mydict.pop('name')
29. 'bob'
30. >>> mydict
31. {'email': 'bob@test.com'}
32. >>> mydict.clear()
33. >>> mydict
34. {}

二、字典的方法：

1. >>> mydict = {'name' : 'bob', 'age' : 23}
2. >>> mydict
3. {'age': 23, 'name': 'bob'}
4. >>> mydict.keys()        返回键
5. ['age', 'name']
6. >>> mydict.values()        返回值
7. [23, 'bob']
8. >>> mydict.items()        返回键－值对的元组列表
9. [('age', 23), ('name', 'bob')]
10. >>> adict = {'email' : 'tom@test.com', 'phone' : '123456'}
11. >>> mydict.update(adict)        把adict的内容，加入到mydict中
12. >>> mydict
13. {'phone': '123456', 'age': 23, 'name': 'bob', 'email': 'tom@test.com'}
14. >>> adict
15. {'phone': '123456', 'email': 'tom@test.com'}

三、字典练习

1. #!/usr/bin/env python
3. import getpass
5. db = {}
7. def newUser():
8. username = raw_input('username: ')
9. if username in db:
10. print "\033[32;1m%s alread exist!\033[0m" % username
11. else:
12. # password = raw_input('password: ')
13. password = getpass.getpass()
14. db[username] = password
16. def oldUser():
17. username = raw_input('username: ')
18. password = raw_input('password: ')
19. if username in db:
20. if db.get(username) == password:
21. print '\033[32;1mlogin successful1\033[0m'
22. else:
23. print '\033[32;1mlogin incorrect.\033[0m'
24. else:
25. print '\033[32;1mlogin name is error.\033[0m'
27. CMDs = {'n' : newUser, 'o' : oldUser}
29. def showMenu():
30. prompt = '''(New) user
31. (Old) user
32. (Quit).
33. please input your choice: '''
35. while True:
36. choice = raw_input(prompt).strip()[0].lower()
37. if choice not in 'noq':
38. print '\033[31;1merror : n/o/q ...\033[0m'
39. continue
41. if choice == 'q':
42. break
43. CMDs[choice]()
45. if __name__ == '__main__':
46. showMenu()

一、条件及语句

1、在python中没有case语句，可以使用if/elif,或者使用字典

1. #!/usr/bin/env python
3. db = { 'create' : 'aaaa', 'del' : 'bbbb', 'modify' : 'cccc'}
4. choice = raw_input('enter something:')
5. if db.get(choice):
6. print db[choice]

2、使用元组代替case

1. #!/usr/bin/env python
3. choice = raw_input('enter something:')
4. if choice in ('create', 'delete', 'update'):
5. action = '%s item' % choice
6. print action

3、三元运算符

1. >>> x = 8
2. >>> y = 5
3. >>> smaller = x if x < y else y
4. >>> smaller
5. 5

迭代器

1. >>> i = iter(range(10))
2. >>> for j in i:
3. ... print j
4. ...
5. 0
6. 1
7. 2
8. 3
9. 4
10. 5
11. 6
12. 7
13. 8
14. 9
15. >>> i = iter(range(4))
16. >>> i.next()
17. 0
18. >>> i.next()
19. 1
20. >>> i.next()
21. 2
22. >>> i.next()
23. 3
24. >>> i.next()
25. Traceback (most recent call last):
26. File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
27. StopIteration
28. >>> a = xrange(3)
29. >>> print a
30. xrange(3)
31. >>> for i in a:
32. ... print i
33. ...
34. 0
35. 1
36. 2

4、使用range计算阶乘

1. #!/usr/bin/env python
3. a = 1
4. num = int(raw_input('enter a number:'))
5. for i in range(1, num + 1):
6. a *= i
7. print a

5、使用递归函数计算阶乘

1. #!/usr/bin/env python
3. def cf(num):
4. if num == 1:
5. return 1
6. else:
7. return num * cf(num - 1)
9. if __name__ == '__main__':
10. print cf(5)

注意：

重要：

当一个日志文件很大，比如G单位，不要直接打开

f = file('new.log')

data = ( line for line in f)

data 

data.next()

文件操作

1、以只读方式打开文件

1. f = file('/root/bin/pwd.py')
2. a = f.read() 将文件的全部内容读出来，成为一个大字符串，赋值给a
3. f.seek(0) 将文件指针移回到文件头部
4. b = f.readlinse() 将文件的全部内容读出来，成为一个列表，赋值给b
5. f.seek(0) 将文件指针称回到文件头部
6. c = f.readline() 读取文件和一行，赋值给c
7. f.seek(0， 0) 将文件指针称回到文件头部 第一个0为偏移量 第二个0相对位置 第二个值有0/1/2 0表示文件的开头 1表示当前位置 2表示文件结尾
8. f.tell() 查看当前指针在什么位置
9. for i in f:
10. print i, 因为第一行发问已经有驾车了，就不要让print再打印

练习：

读取一个文件，移除以#开头的行，将其打印在屏幕上

方法一：

1. #!/usr/bin/env python
3. import sys
5. def grep1(fname):
6. f = file(fname)
7. for i in f:
8. if i != '\n' and i.strip()[0] != '#':
9. print i,
10. f.close()
12. if __name__ == '__main__':
13. grep1(sys.argv[1])

方法二：

1. #!/usr/bin/env python
2. import sys
4. def grep1(fname):
5. f = file(fname)
6. for i in f:
7. if i[0] in '#\n':
8. continue
9. else:
10. print i,
11. f.close()
13. if __name__ == '__main__':
14. grep1(sys.argv[1])

方法三：推荐

1. #!/usr/bin/env python
2. import sys
4. try:
5. f = open(sys.argv[1])
6. except IndexError:
7. print 'you must input a filename'
8. except IOError:
9. print 'no such file or file is a directory.'
10. else:
11. for i in f:
12. if (not i.startswith('#')) and i != '\n':
13. print i,
14. f.close()

方法四：

1. #!/usr/bin/env python
2. import sys
3. import os
5. def grep1(fname):
6. f = open(fname)
7. for i in f:
8. if(not i.startswith('#')) and i != '\n':
9. print i,
10. f.close()
12. if __name__ == '__main__':
13. grep1(sys.argv[1])

来自为知笔记(Wiz)

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/fina/p/6197341.html