python比较两个列表中不同的数、保存在,比较Python中的两个列表A，B，查找A中与B中相同数字相对应的所有元素...

I want to compare two Python lists, 'A' and 'B' in such a manner that I can find all elements in A which correspond to the same number in B. I want to do this for each number in B. For example, if

A = [5, 7, 9, 12, 8, 16, 25]

B = [2, 1, 3, 2, 3, 1, 4]

I would like to get

[7,16] corresponding to the number 1 of listB

[5, 12] corresponding to the number 2 of listB

[9, 8] corresponding to the number 3 of listB

[25] corresponding to the number 4 of listB

A and B will always have the same lengths.

解决方案

You can use zip to create tuples which consist from one element from both lists, then sort them and finally group them by value from B:

>>> from itertools import groupby

>>> A = [5, 7, 9, 12, 8, 16, 25]

>>> B = [2, 1, 3, 2, 3, 1, 4]

>>> for k, g in groupby(sorted(zip(B,A)), key=lambda x: x[0]):

... print('{} corresponds to {}'.format([x[1] for x in g], k))

...

[7, 16] corresponds to 1

[5, 12] corresponds to 2

[8, 9] corresponds to 3

[25] corresponds to 4

In above zip(B, A) returns iterable of tuples where each tuple has element from B and A:

>>> list(zip(B,A))

[(2, 5), (1, 7), (3, 9), (2, 12), (3, 8), (1, 16), (4, 25)]

Result of above is then sorted so that all the tuples with same value from B are next to each other:

>>> sorted(zip(B,A))

[(1, 7), (1, 16), (2, 5), (2, 12), (3, 8), (3, 9), (4, 25)]

Result of sorting is passed to groupby which groups the tuples based on value returned by key function, in this case the first item in the tuple. Result is iterable of (key, group) tuples where group is iterable of elements:

>>> [(k, list(g)) for k, g in groupby(sorted(zip(B,A)), key=lambda x: x[0])]

[(1, [(1, 7), (1, 16)]), (2, [(2, 5), (2, 12)]), (3, [(3, 8), (3, 9)]), (4, [(4, 25)])]