Net设计模式实例之享元模式( Flyweight Pattern)(2)

四．享元模式实例分析（Example）

1、场景

一个文档 Document 中只有少数字符需要共享。结构 如下图所示 <?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = O />

 

CharacterFactory 类 ，享元工厂，用来创建和管理 Charactor 对象。如果请求的 Charactor 对象存在，怎返回已经存在的对象。否则新创建一个新的对象返回。

Character 类 ：享元抽象类，通过这个接口， Character 可以接受并作用与外部状态。
CharacterA /CharacterB/CharacterC 类 ：实现享元抽象类，为内部状态添加存储空间。

2、代码

1 、 字符工厂类CharacterFactory

class CharacterFactory {     private Dictionary <char , Character > _characters = new Dictionary <char , Character >();     public Character GetCharacter(char key)     {         // Uses "lazy initialization"         Character character = nu<?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = ST1 />ll ;         if (_characters.ContainsKey(key))         {             character = _characters[key];         }         else         {             switch (key)             {                 case 'A' : character = new CharacterA (); break ;                 case 'B' : character = new CharacterB (); break ;                 //...                 case 'Z' : character = new CharacterZ (); break ;             }             _characters.Add(key, character);         }         return character;     } }

 

2 、 抽象数据对象类DataObject 及其具体实现类CustomersData

/// <summary> /// The 'Flyweight' abstract class /// </summary> abstract class Character {     protected char symbol;     protected int width;     protected int height;     protected int ascent;     protected int descent;     protected int pointSize;     public abstract void Display(int pointSize); } /// <summary> /// A 'ConcreteFlyweight' class /// </summary> class CharacterA : Character {     public CharacterA()     {         this .symbol = 'A' ;         this .height = 100;         this .width = 120;         this .ascent = 70;         this .descent = 0;     }     public override void Display(int pointSize)     {         this .pointSize = pointSize;         Console .WriteLine(this .symbol + " (pointsize " + this .pointSize + ")" );     } } /// <summary> /// A 'ConcreteFlyweight' class /// </summary> class CharacterB : Character {     public CharacterB()     {         this .symbol = 'B' ;         this .height = 100;         this .width = 140;         this .ascent = 72;         this .descent = 0;     }     public override void Display(int pointSize)     {         this .pointSize = pointSize;         Console .WriteLine(this .symbol + " (pointsize " + this .pointSize + ")" );     } } // ... C, D, E, etc. /// <summary> /// A 'ConcreteFlyweight' class /// </summary> class CharacterZ : Character {     // Constructor     public CharacterZ()     {         this .symbol = 'Z' ;         this .height = 100;         this .width = 100;         this .ascent = 68;         this .descent = 0;     }     public override void Display(int pointSize)     {         this .pointSize = pointSize;         Console .WriteLine(this .symbol +" (pointsize " + this .pointSize + ")" );     } }

 

3 、客户端代码

static void <?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = ST2 />Main (string [] args) {     // Build a document with text     string document = "AAZZBBZB" ;     char [] chars = document.ToCharArray ();     CharacterFactory factory = new CharacterFactory ();     // extrinsic state     int pointSize = 10;     // For each character use a flyweight object     foreach (char c in chars)     {          pointSize++;         Character character = factory.GetCharacter(c);         character.Display(pointSize);     }     Console .ReadKey(); }

3、实例运行结果

五、总结（Summary）

本文对享元模式（ Flyweight Pattern ）的概念、设计结构图、代码、使用场景、进行了描述。以一个享元模式实例进行了说明。如果一个应用程序使用了大量的对象，而大量的这些对象造成了很大的存储开销，这时可以考虑使用享元模式。