python支持函数重载吗_Python函数重载

您所要求的是称为多重调度。请参阅演示不同类型分派的Julia语言示例。

然而，在讨论这个问题之前，我们将首先讨论为什么在python中重载并不是您真正想要的。

为什么不超载呢？

首先，需要理解重载的概念以及为什么它不适用于python。When working with languages that can discriminate data types at

compile-time, selecting among the alternatives can occur at

compile-time. The act of creating such alternative functions for

compile-time selection is usually referred to as overloading a

function. (Wikipedia)

Python是一种dynamically类型语言，因此重载的概念并不适用于它。但是，并不是所有的都丢失了，因为我们可以在运行时创建这样的替代函数：In programming languages that defer data type identification until

run-time the selection among alternative

functions must occur at run-time, based on the dynamically determined

types of function arguments. Functions whose alternative

implementations are selected in this manner are referred to most

generally as multimethods. (Wikipedia)

因此，我们应该能够在python中执行多方法，或者，也就是我们所说的：多分派。

多次调度

多方法也称为多分派：Multiple dispatch or multimethods is the feature of some

object-oriented programming languages in which a function or method

can be dynamically dispatched based on the run time (dynamic) type of

more than one of its arguments. (Wikipedia)

Python不支持这种现成的1，但是，碰巧有一个名为multipledispatch的优秀Python包可以做到这一点。

解决方案

下面是我们如何使用multipledispatch2包来实现您的方法：>>> from multipledispatch import dispatch

>>> from collections import namedtuple

>>> from types import * # we can test for lambda type, e.g.:

>>> type(lambda a: 1) == LambdaType

True

>>> Sprite = namedtuple('Sprite', ['name'])

>>> Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])

>>> Curve = namedtuple('Curve', ['x', 'y', 'z'])

>>> Vector = namedtuple('Vector', ['x','y','z'])

>>> @dispatch(Sprite, Point, Vector, int)

... def add_bullet(sprite, start, direction, speed):

... print("Called Version 1")

...

>>> @dispatch(Sprite, Point, Point, int, float)

... def add_bullet(sprite, start, headto, speed, acceleration):

... print("Called version 2")

...

>>> @dispatch(Sprite, LambdaType)

... def add_bullet(sprite, script):

... print("Called version 3")

...

>>> @dispatch(Sprite, Curve, int)

... def add_bullet(sprite, curve, speed):

... print("Called version 4")

...

>>> sprite = Sprite('Turtle')

>>> start = Point(1,2)

>>> direction = Vector(1,1,1)

>>> speed = 100 #km/h

>>> acceleration = 5.0 #m/s

>>> script = lambda sprite: sprite.x * 2

>>> curve = Curve(3, 1, 4)

>>> headto = Point(100, 100) # somewhere far away

>>> add_bullet(sprite, start, direction, speed)

Called Version 1

>>> add_bullet(sprite, start, headto, speed, acceleration)

Called version 2

>>> add_bullet(sprite, script)

Called version 3

>>> add_bullet(sprite, curve, speed)

Called version 4

2。注意不要在多线程环境中使用multipledispatch，否则会出现奇怪的行为。