被动语态和非谓语区别_非谓语动词固定搭配提升篇（背背背）

非谓语作宾语补足语这个部分很乱，很容易记混，写错。所以大家一定要认真看我下边的文章，很多东西需要背背背。

一、做宾补的非谓语的常见形式

常见形式有：to do、doing、done。一般而言，被动形式用done，主动形式用to do或者doing。例如：

1. As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign.(2018年北京卷) 当我接近23英里时，我能看到妻子正拿着标牌在晃动（主动，正在）。

2. Last Tuesday, our class invited an old craftsman(手艺人) to teach us how to make dough figurines(面人). 上周二，我们班邀请一位老艺人教我们怎样制作面人（主动，事实陈述）。

3. I have never heard this song sung in English. 我从来没有听到这首歌用英语唱过（被动）。

二、to do做宾补

一般分为三大类，1. 省略to做宾补的；2. to do和do均可做宾补的；3. 只能用to do做宾补的；常见的有36个动词加to do做宾补，常见的有11个动词省略to做宾补。

1. 省略to做宾补的

（1）形式：动词跟省略to 的不定式作宾补时，通常包括两大类，感官动词类（8个，look at；see；observe；watch；notice；hear；listen to；feel），使役动词类（3个have；let；make）。

（2）含义：省略to做宾补的强调看到、听到了整个过程或强调是事实。不过感官动词后也可跟现在现在分词作宾语，表示看到、听到时动作正在进行，have 后可以加doing（含义见后边），但是let，make后不可跟现在分词做宾语

接不带to的不定式做宾补

（3）记忆口诀：五看三室两厅一感觉

五看：look at；see；observe；watch；notice；

三使：have；let；make

两听：hear；listen to

一感觉：feel

（4）经典例句

a）I felt somebody touch the box. （整个过程或事实）

我感觉到有人碰了这个盒子。

b）I saw him run into the building.（整个过程或事实）

我看见他跑进了这个大楼。

c）Just then, I heard someone calling for help.（正在进行）

正在那时，我听到有人求助。

d）She looked at him happily enjoying his meal.(正在进行）

她看见他正在开心地享受他的大餐。

—Do you often hear John _____ in his room?

—Yes, listen, now we can hear him ______ in his room.

A. singing; singing B. sing; singing C. singing; sing D. sing; sing

答案：B

（5）详解

look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事

notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事

observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事

see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事

watch sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事

let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事

listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事

feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做某事

2. 注意事项 主动语态中宾补不带to 的，被动语态要带to

I felt somebody touch the box.

à被动：Somebody was felt to touch the box.

People often listened to him sing in the next room.

à被动：He was often listened to to sing in the next room.

三、常见的加to do或者do做宾补都可以的动词

help后面宾补可以带to也可不带to

其后跟不定式作宾语时，带 to不带to 均可。

1. She often helps her mother (to) do house work.

2. She often helps (to) do house work.

四、常见加to do做宾补的动词（36个）

五、加doing做宾补的常见动词

1、之前已讲的感官动词（8个）

• feel sb. doing sth. 感觉某人做某事
• hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人做某事
• listen to sb. doing sth. 听某人做某事
• look at sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事
• notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人做某事
• watch sb. doing sth. 观看某人做某事
• observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人做某事
• see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事

2. 后文会重点讲解的单词(5个)

• get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事
• leave sb. doing sth. 使某人处于某种状态
• keep sb. doing sth. 使某人不停地做某事
• have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事
• find sb. doing sth. 发现（撞上）某人做某事

3、特殊注意的动词

• catch sb. doing sth. 抓住某人正在做某事, 注意没有catch sb. to do sth.或者catch sb. do sth 的搭配，因为抓住某人做事时，一定是正在做。
• discover sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事，有discover sb. to do sth. 理解为通过了解而发现 例：We discovered her to be a good cook. 我们发现她菜做得很好。
• prevent sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事，与prevent sb. from doing sth. 意思一样，也有prevent sb. to do sth. 都翻译为：阻止某人做某事。例如：My mother prevent me to play outside. 我母亲阻止我出去玩。
• stop sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 与stop sb. from doing sth.意思一致；没有stop sb. to do sth., 有 stop to do sth：停下来手头的事情，去做另一件事情。

注意：阻止某人做某事为：prevent / stop sb. (from) doing sth. = keep sb. from doing sth. keep句式中的from 不能省略。keep sb. doing sth.为：让某人处于某种状态，He kept me waiting for half an hour.他让我等了半个小时。

六、特别关注 get、have、make、let、find、leave六大类词

六大类词，加的形式不同，具体如下：

例如：

Who got him to do that?

Who let/ make/ have him do that?

他这样干，是谁授意的？

1. have的四大搭配

常见的四大考法：

have somebody do something

have somebody/something doing something

have something done

have something to do

其中，在前三个考法中，have为使役动词，翻译为“让、使”；第四个考法中，have翻译为“有”。

（1）have somebody do something

i）让某人做某事

I’ll have her post the letter. 我要叫她去寄信

（2）have somebody/something doing something

i）使(让)某人(某事物)一直做在做某事

He had the light burning all night. 他让灯亮了一整夜。

ii）容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句，尤与 won’t, can’t连用)。如：

He won’t have boys arriving late. 他不允许孩子们迟到。

iii）说服或命令某人做某事

He had me doing all kinds of jobs for her. 他叫我为她做各种事情。

固定句式：have difficulty/problem (in) doing sth.

I have difficulty (in) learning English. 我学英语有困难。

（3）have sth. done

i） 请(让)别人做某事。

We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。

注：有时指无意志的行为。如：

He had his salary raised. 他加薪了。

ii） 经历或遭遇某情况。如：

He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄伤了。

iii） 完成或解决某事。如：

I’ve had all my mistakes corrected. 我已把所有的错误都改正过来了。

iv） 容忍或允许做某事(用于否定句，尤与 won’t, can’t 等连用)。如：

We won’t have anything said against the Party. 我们不允许有人这样攻击党。

注意：The news had me worried. 我听了这个消息十分不安。worried可以理解为形容词。

（4）have something to do

i）表示有某事要做，不定式为定语。

I have every reason to think he may still be alive. 我们有充分理由相信他可能还活着。

ii）表示因为有A所以发生了B，不定式为状语

I had the luck to find him at home. 我真幸运，找他时，他在家。

They had the misfortune to be hit by a violent storm. 他们不幸，遇上了猛烈的风暴。

2. get的三大搭配

3. leave的三大搭配

4. make、let的两大搭配

5. find 的搭配

find + sb./sth. doing

find + sb./sth. done

find + sb./sth. to be

find + sb./sth. 介词短语

find + sb./sth. 形容词

find + sb./sth. 副词

find + sb./sth. 名词

find it adj. to do sth.

补充1：可接双宾语的常见动词（补充知识）

1.双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词（21个）

• award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人
• bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人
• hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
• lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
• mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人
• offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人
• owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物
• pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
• pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）
• post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人
• read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听
• return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人
• send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人
• sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人
• serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人
• show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看
• take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人
• teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物
• tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况
• throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人
• write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信

2. 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词（17个）

3. 可用于 “动词+sb+of sth” 的8个常见动词

• accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯某事罪，指责某人做某事
• rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物
• remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某情况（事）
• rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某东西
• cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病，改掉某人的坏习惯
• cheat sb. of sth. 骗取某人某物
• inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某情况（事）
• warn sb. of sth. 警告某人有某情况

4. 可用于 “动词+sb+for doing sth” 的8个常见动词

5. 可用于“动词 + sb +into doing sth”的9个常见动词

补充2：直接接双宾语的7个常见动词（补充知识）

补充3：容易误用的动词

第一组：

第二组：

第三组：

例如：You are welcome to join us. 欢迎加入我们。

牢记：a 我们可以说 wish sb. to do sth. ; wish to do sth. hope to do sth.

不能说hope sb to do sth.

牢记：b 我们可以说 advise sb. to do sth. ; advise doing sth. suggest doing sth.

不能说 suggest sb to do sth.

8. advise, allow, permit, forbid, recommend, require跟动名词作宾语，不定式作宾补

(1) The instructor advised checking the “Advanced Settings” option.

The instructor advised me to check the “Advanced Settings” option.

(2) They don’t allow smoking in this restaurant.

They don’t allow people to smoke in this restaurant.

(3) They don’t permit smoking in this restaurant.

They don’t permit people to smoke in this restaurant.

(4)The authorities forbade entering the park because of a bush fire.

The authorities forbade us to enter the park because of a bush fire.

(5) The worker recommended buying a new water heater.

The worker recommended me to buy a new water heater.

(6) The project requires spending $70,000 in the initial phase.

The project required us to work in groups.