图片截取matlab实现程序,matlab图像处理程序大集合

1.图像反转

MATLAB程序实现如下:I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);

J=double(I);

J=-J+(256-1);                 %图像反转线性变换H=uint8(J);

subplot(1,2,1),imshow(I);

subplot(1,2,2),imshow(H);

2.灰度线性变换MATLAB程序实现如下:I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);

subplot(2,2,1),imshow(I);

title(‘原始图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

axis on;                  %显示坐标系I1=rgb2gray(I);

subplot(2,2,2),imshow(I1);

title(‘灰度图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

axis on;                  %显示坐标系J=imadjust(I1,[0.1 0.5],[]); %局部拉伸,把[0.1 0.5]内的灰度拉伸为[0 1]

subplot(2,2,3),imshow(J);

title(‘线性变换图像[0.1 0.5]’);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系K=imadjust(I1,[0.3 0.7],[]); %局部拉伸,把[0.3 0.7]内的灰度拉伸为[0 1]

subplot(2,2,4),imshow(K);

title(‘线性变换图像[0.3 0.7]’);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系

3.非线性变换MATLAB程序实现如下:I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);

I1=rgb2gray(I);

subplot(1,2,1),imshow(I1);

title(‘灰度图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系J=double(I1);

J=40*(log(J+1));

H=uint8(J);

subplot(1,2,2),imshow(H);

title(‘对数变换图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系

4.直方图均衡化MATLAB程序实现如下:I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);

I=rgb2gray(I);

figure;

subplot(2,2,1);

imshow(I);

subplot(2,2,2);

imhist(I);

I1=histeq(I);

figure;

subplot(2,2,1);

imshow(I1);

subplot(2,2,2);

imhist(I1);

5.线性平滑滤波器用MATLAB实现领域平均法抑制噪声程序:I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);

subplot(231)

imshow(I)

title(‘原始图像‘)

I=rgb2gray(I);

I1=imnoise(I,’salt & pepper’,0.02);

subplot(232)

imshow(I1)

title(‘添加椒盐噪声的图像‘)

k1=filter2(fspecial(‘average’,3),I1)/255;          %进行3*3模板平滑滤波k2=filter2(fspecial(‘average’,5),I1)/255;          %进行5*5模板平滑滤波k3=filter2(fspecial(‘average’,7),I1)/255;          %进行7*7模板平滑滤波k4=filter2(fspecial(‘average’,9),I1)/255;          %进行9*9模板平滑滤波subplot(233),imshow(k1);title(‘3*3模板平滑滤波‘);

subplot(234),imshow(k2);title(‘5*5模板平滑滤波‘);

subplot(235),imshow(k3);title(‘7*7模板平滑滤波‘);

subplot(236),imshow(k4);title(‘9*9模板平滑滤波‘);

6.中值滤波器用MATLAB实现中值滤波程序如下:I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);

I=rgb2gray(I);

J=imnoise(I,’salt&pepper’,0.02);

subplot(231),imshow(I);title(‘原图像‘);

subplot(232),imshow(J);title(‘添加椒盐噪声图像‘);

k1=medfilt2(J);            %进行3*3模板中值滤波k2=medfilt2(J,[5,5]);      %进行5*5模板中值滤波k3=medfilt2(J,[7,7]);      %进行7*7模板中值滤波k4=medfilt2(J,[9,9]);      %进行9*9模板中值滤波subplot(233),imshow(k1);title(‘3*3模板中值滤波‘);

subplot(234),imshow(k2);title(‘5*5模板中值滤波‘);

subplot(235),imshow(k3);title(‘7*7模板中值滤波‘);

subplot(236),imshow(k4);title(‘9*9模板中值滤波‘);

7.用Sobel算子和拉普拉斯对图像锐化:I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);

subplot(2,2,1),imshow(I);

title(‘原始图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系I1=im2bw(I);

subplot(2,2,2),imshow(I1);

title(‘二值图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系H=fspecial(‘sobel’);     %选择sobel算子 J=filter2(H,I1);            %卷积运算subplot(2,2,3),imshow(J);

title(‘sobel算子锐化图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系h=[0 1 0,1 -4 1,0 1 0];   %拉普拉斯算子J1=conv2(I1,h,’same’);            %卷积运算subplot(2,2,4),imshow(J1);

title(‘拉普拉斯算子锐化图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系

8.梯度算子检测边缘用MATLAB实现如下:I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);

subplot(2,3,1);

imshow(I);

title(‘原始图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系I1=im2bw(I);

subplot(2,3,2);

imshow(I1);

title(‘二值图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系I2=edge(I1,’roberts’);

figure;

subplot(2,3,3);

imshow(I2);

title(‘roberts算子分割结果‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系I3=edge(I1,’sobel’);

subplot(2,3,4);

imshow(I3);

title(‘sobel算子分割结果‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系I4=edge(I1,’Prewitt’);

subplot(2,3,5);

imshow(I4);

title(‘Prewitt算子分割结果‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系

9.LOG算子检测边缘用MATLAB程序实现如下:I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);

subplot(2,2,1);

imshow(I);

title(‘原始图像‘);

I1=rgb2gray(I);

subplot(2,2,2);

imshow(I1);

title(‘灰度图像‘);

I2=edge(I1,’log’);

subplot(2,2,3);

imshow(I2);

title(‘log算子分割结果‘);

10.Canny算子检测边缘用MATLAB程序实现如下:I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);

subplot(2,2,1);

imshow(I);

title(‘原始图像‘)

I1=rgb2gray(I);

subplot(2,2,2);

imshow(I1);

title(‘灰度图像‘);

I2=edge(I1,’canny’);

subplot(2,2,3);

imshow(I2);

title(‘canny算子分割结果‘);

11.边界跟踪(bwtraceboundary函数)clc

clear all

I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);

figure

imshow(I);

title(‘原始图像‘);

I1=rgb2gray(I);                %将彩色图像转化灰度图像 threshold=graythresh(I1);        %计算将灰度图像转化为二值图像所需的门限BW=im2bw(I1, threshold);       %将灰度图像转化为二值图像figure

imshow(BW);

title(‘二值图像‘);

dim=size(BW);

col=round(dim(2)/2)-90;         %计算起始点列坐标row=find(BW(:,col),1);          %计算起始点行坐标connectivity=8;

num_points=180;

contour=bwtraceboundary(BW,[row,col],’N’,connectivity,num_points);

%提取边界figure

imshow(I1);

hold on;

plot(contour(:,2),contour(:,1), ‘g’,’LineWidth’ ,2);

title(‘边界跟踪图像‘);

12.Hough变换I= imread(‘xian.bmp’);

rotI=rgb2gray(I);

subplot(2,2,1);

imshow(rotI);

title(‘灰度图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;

axis on;

BW=edge(rotI,’prewitt’);

subplot(2,2,2);

imshow(BW);

title(‘prewitt算子边缘检测后图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;

axis on;

[H,T,R]=hough(BW);

subplot(2,2,3);

imshow(H,[],’XData’,T,’YData’,R,’InitialMagnification’,’fit’);

title(‘霍夫变换图‘);

xlabel(‘\theta’),ylabel(‘\rho’);

axis on , axis normal, hold on;

P=houghpeaks(H,5,’threshold’,ceil(0.3*max(H(:))));

x=T(P(:,2));y=R(P(:,1));

plot(x,y,’s’,’color’,’white’);

lines=houghlines(BW,T,R,P,’FillGap’,5,’MinLength’,7);

subplot(2,2,4);,imshow(rotI);

title(‘霍夫变换图像检测‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;

axis on;

hold on;

max_len=0;

for k=1:length(lines)

xy=[lines(k).point1;lines(k).point2];

plot(xy(:,1),xy(:,2),’LineWidth’,2,’Color’,’green’);

plot(xy(1,1),xy(1,2),’x’,’LineWidth’,2,’Color’,’yellow’);

plot(xy(2,1),xy(2,2),’x’,’LineWidth’,2,’Color’,’red’);

len=norm(lines(k).point1-lines(k).point2);

if(len>max_len)

max_len=len;

xy_long=xy;

end

end

plot(xy_long(:,1),xy_long(:,2),’LineWidth’,2,’Color’,’cyan’);

13.直方图阈值法用MATLAB实现直方图阈值法:I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);

I1=rgb2gray(I);

figure;

subplot(2,2,1);

imshow(I1);

title(‘灰度图像‘)

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系[m,n]=size(I1);                            %测量图像尺寸参数GP=zeros(1,256);                           %预创建存放灰度出现概率的向量for k=0:255

GP(k+1)=length(find(I1==k))/(m*n);    %计算每级灰度出现的概率,将其存入GP中相应位置end

subplot(2,2,2),bar(0:255,GP,’g’)                   %绘制直方图title(‘灰度直方图‘)

xlabel(‘灰度值‘)

ylabel(‘出现概率‘)

I2=im2bw(I,150/255);

subplot(2,2,3),imshow(I2);

title(‘阈值150的分割图像‘)

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系I3=im2bw(I,200/255);   %

subplot(2,2,4),imshow(I3);

title(‘阈值200的分割图像‘)

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系

14. 自动阈值法:Otsu法用MATLAB实现Otsu算法:clc

clear all

I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);

subplot(1,2,1),imshow(I);

title(‘原始图像‘)

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系level=graythresh(I);     %确定灰度阈值BW=im2bw(I,level);

subplot(1,2,2),imshow(BW);

title(‘Otsu法阈值分割图像‘)

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系

15.膨胀操作I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);          %载入图像I1=rgb2gray(I);

subplot(1,2,1);

imshow(I1);

title(‘灰度图像‘)

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系se=strel(‘disk’,1);          %生成圆形结构元素I2=imdilate(I1,se);             %用生成的结构元素对图像进行膨胀subplot(1,2,2);

imshow(I2);

title(‘膨胀后图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系

16.腐蚀操作MATLAB实现腐蚀操作I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);          %载入图像I1=rgb2gray(I);

subplot(1,2,1);

imshow(I1);

title(‘灰度图像‘)

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系se=strel(‘disk’,1);       %生成圆形结构元素I2=imerode(I1,se);        %用生成的结构元素对图像进行腐蚀subplot(1,2,2);

imshow(I2);

title(‘腐蚀后图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系

17.开启和闭合操作用MATLAB实现开启和闭合操作I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);          %载入图像subplot(2,2,1),imshow(I);

title(‘原始图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

axis on;                  %显示坐标系 I1=rgb2gray(I);

subplot(2,2,2),imshow(I1);

title(‘灰度图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

axis on;                  %显示坐标系se=strel(‘disk’,1);     %采用半径为1的圆作为结构元素I2=imopen(I1,se);         %开启操作I3=imclose(I1,se);        %闭合操作subplot(2,2,3),imshow(I2);

title(‘开启运算后图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

axis on;                  %显示坐标系subplot(2,2,4),imshow(I3);

title(‘闭合运算后图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

axis on;                  %显示坐标系

18.开启和闭合组合操作I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);          %载入图像subplot(3,2,1),imshow(I);

title(‘原始图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

axis on;                  %显示坐标系 I1=rgb2gray(I);

subplot(3,2,2),imshow(I1);

title(‘灰度图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

axis on;                  %显示坐标系se=strel(‘disk’,1);

I2=imopen(I1,se);         %开启操作I3=imclose(I1,se);        %闭合操作subplot(3,2,3),imshow(I2);

title(‘开启运算后图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

axis on;                  %显示坐标系subplot(3,2,4),imshow(I3);

title(‘闭合运算后图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

axis on;                  %显示坐标系se=strel(‘disk’,1);

I4=imopen(I1,se);

I5=imclose(I4,se);

subplot(3,2,5),imshow(I5);        %开—闭运算图像title(‘开—闭运算图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

axis on;                  %显示坐标系 I6=imclose(I1,se);

I7=imopen(I6,se);

subplot(3,2,6),imshow(I7);        %闭—开运算图像 title(‘闭—开运算图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

axis on;                  %显示坐标系

19.形态学边界提取利用MATLAB实现如下:I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);          %载入图像subplot(1,3,1),imshow(I);

title(‘原始图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系I1=im2bw(I);

subplot(1,3,2),imshow(I1);

title(‘二值化图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;                  %显示网格线axis on;                  %显示坐标系I2=bwperim(I1);                 %获取区域的周长subplot(1,3,3),imshow(I2);

title(‘边界周长的二值图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

grid on;

axis on;

20.形态学骨架提取利用MATLAB实现如下:I=imread(‘xian.bmp’);

subplot(2,2,1),imshow(I);

title(‘原始图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

axis on;

I1=im2bw(I);

subplot(2,2,2),imshow(I1);

title(‘二值图像‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

axis on;

I2=bwmorph(I1,’skel’,1);

subplot(2,2,3),imshow(I2);

title(‘1次骨架提取‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

axis on;

I3=bwmorph(I1,’skel’,2);

subplot(2,2,4),imshow(I3);

title(‘2次骨架提取‘);

axis([50,250,50,200]);

axis on;

21.直接提取四个顶点坐标

I = imread(‘xian.bmp’);

I = I(:,:,1); BW=im2bw(I);

figure imshow(~BW)

[x,y]=getpts

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