最近要做后台数据接收,因为前台传来的数据太过于混乱,所以总结了一下前台数据post请求方法,顺便写了下相对应的后台接收方法。
前台主要的contenttype为下面三种:(需要注意的是请求头中datatype与contenttype的区别,datatype是要求浏览器返回的数据格式,这里的contenttype指的是提交的数据格式)
应用情景:
multipart/form-data类型主要是上传文件时用到;
application/x-www-form-urlencoded类型主要是提交k-v时用到,当然这种方法也可以将json设置在v中提交json数据;
application/json类型主要是传递json数据用到,层次比较深的数据;
post提交主要就是依赖于浏览器表单提交和ajax方式提交,两者对这三种方式都可以实现,下面分别介绍这两类方法:
一、Form表单实现(不含后端)
1、application/x-www-form-urlencoded方法
<spanstyle="font-size:14px;"><formaction="Handler2.ashx"method="post"enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded">
<p>客户名称:<inputtype="text"name="CustomerName"style="width: 300px"/>p>
<p>客户电话:<inputtype="text"name="CustomerTel"style="width: 300px"/>p>
<p><inputtype="submit"value="提交"/>p>
form>span>
2、multipart/form-data方法
<h1><aname="t6">a><spanstyle="font-size:14px;"><formaction="Handler2.ashx"method="post"enctype="multipart/form-data">span>h1><spanstyle="font-size:14px;"><p><inputtype="text"name="str"value="一个字符串,别管它"/>p>
<p>要上传的文件1<inputtype="file"name="file1"/>p>
<p>要上传的文件2<inputtype="file"name="file2"/>p>
<p><inputtype="submit"value="提交"/>p>
form>span>
3、json方法
3.1
form表单数据可以直接json序列化varqueryArray = $(formElement).serializeArray();
3.2
也可以在k-v中的v中添加实际值,当然这个违背了form表单多个k-v的初衷,但是也可以实现
二、ajax实现(含后端)
1、application/x-www-form-urlencoded方法(json与kv)
vardata={"books": [ {"language":"Java","edition":"second"}, {"language":"C++","lastName":"fifth"}, {"language":"C","lastName":"third"} ] }
$.ajax({
type: "post",
url: "http://localhost:39870/api/test/getUrlencode",
contentType : "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
data: { books: JSON.stringify(data), txtPass: "123"},
success: function(res) {
//;
//layer.close(ii);
}
});
后台处理程序
[HttpPost]
publicIHttpActionResult getFormdata()
{
stringid = HttpContext.Current.Request["id"];
stringname = HttpContext.Current.Request["name"];
returnOk("success2");
}
用上述方法既可以获取简单的kv数据,也可以自己拼接类json数据,不过其中的数据都是默认在浏览器服务器进行url编码解码。可以用下面方法实验得出:
HttpRequest request = HttpContext.Current.Request;
Stream stream = request.InputStream;
StreamReader streamReader = newStreamReader(stream);
stringjson =string.Empty;
json = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
json = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(json);
json中未进行urldecode时候数据为:
"books={"books":[{"language":"Java","edition":"second"},{"language":"C++","lastName":"fifth"},{"language":"C","lastName":"third"}]}&txtPass=123"
进行编码后数据为:
"books={"books":[{"language":"Java","edition":"second"},{"language":"C++","lastName":"fifth"},{"language":"C","lastName":"third"}]}&txtPass=123"
2、multipart/form-data方法
vardata =newFormData();
varfiles = $("#fileUpload").get(0).files;
data.append("id","001");
varname={"books": [ {"language":"Java","edition":"second"}, {"language":"C++","lastName":"fifth"}, {"language":"C","lastName":"third"} ] };
data.append("name",JSON.stringify(name));
if(files.length > 0){
for(vari = 0; i
data.append(i.toString(), files[i]);
}
}
$.ajax({
type: "post",
url: "http://localhost:39870/api/test/getFormdata",
contentType: false,
cache: false,
currentType: false,
processData: false,
data: data,
success: function(res) {
//;
}
});
后台获取数据
"font-size:14px;">stringid=HttpContext.Current.Request["id"];
stringname = HttpContext.Current.Request["name"];
HttpFileCollection files = HttpContext.Current.Request.Files;
foreach(stringkeyinfiles.AllKeys)
{
HttpPostedFile file = files[key];
if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(file.FileName) ==false)
{
stringpath = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/App_Data/") + file.FileName;
stringpath2 = HttpContext.Current.Request.Url.Authority+"/"+ file.FileName;
stringpath3 ="C:/Users/xcy/Desktop/金阁寺需求分析/"+ file.FileName;
file.SaveAs(path3);
}
}
此种方法可以接受kv数据,类json数据和文件,数据并未进行url编码。可以用下面方法验证:
HttpRequest request = HttpContext.Current.Request;
Stream stream = request.InputStream;
StreamReader streamReader = newStreamReader(stream);
stringjson =string.Empty;
json = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
json = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(json);
未进行url编码的时候json为:
"------WebKitFormBoundaryB4I0wChQCc6LwykM\r\nContent-Disposition:
form-data;
name="id"\r\n\r\n001\r\n------WebKitFormBoundaryB4I0wChQCc6LwykM\r\nContent-Disposition:
form-data;
name="name"\r\n\r\n{"books":[{"language":"Java","edition":"second"},{"language":"C++","lastName":"fifth"},{"language":"C","lastName":"third"}]}\r\n------WebKitFormBoundaryB4I0wChQCc6LwykM--\r\n"
进行url编码之后没有变化,为:
"------WebKitFormBoundaryB4I0wChQCc6LwykM\r\nContent-Disposition:
form-data;
name="id"\r\n\r\n001\r\n------WebKitFormBoundaryB4I0wChQCc6LwykM\r\nContent-Disposition:
form-data;
name="name"\r\n\r\n{"books":[{"language":"Java","edition":"second"},{"language":"C
","lastName":"fifth"},{"language":"C","lastName":"third"}]}\r\n------WebKitFormBoundaryB4I0wChQCc6LwykM--\r\n"
3、json方法
"font-size:14px;">vardata={"books":[{"language":"Java","edition":"second"},{"language":"C++","lastName":"fifth"},{"language":"C","lastName":"third"}]};
$.ajax({
type: "post",
url: "http://localhost:39870/api/test/gettest3",
contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
cache: false,
data: JSON.stringify(data),
success: function(res) {
}
});
注意JOSN.stringify(),不添加都会失败,直接传的是url编码后的原字符串。这里插播一下字符串与对象转换
JSON.stringify(obj)将JSON转为字符串。
JSON.parse(string)将字符串转为JSON格式
例子:
"font-size:14px;">vara={"name":"tom","sex":"男","age":"24"};
varb='{"name":"Mike","sex":"女","age":"29"}';
varaToStr=JSON.stringify(a);
varbToObj=JSON.parse(b);
alert(typeof(aToStr));//string
alert(typeof(bToObj));//object
看完后就知道为什么要用JSON.stringify(obj)了,因为我们要穿的是字符串,而代码中data变量原来是js对象,so要变一下啦
而且JSON.stringify()会自动添加转义符,比如我们在一个字段包含"或者\的时候,如下:
vartemp={
"F_CODE":"001",
"F_REGION_CODE":"001",
"F_ZTPG":"小"东哥很'",
"F_PGZS":"string",
"F_PIC":"string",
"F_FILE":"string",
"F_TYPE":"string",
"F_PROJECT_CODE":"string",
"F_TIME":"2017-05-24T03:23:11.555Z"
};
vartt=JSON.stringify(temp);
temp显示的时候会不显示转义符\,当用stringify处理后会的字符串上传到后端的时候会出现转义符,使得上传数据不会出错
后台接收方法
3.1
"font-size:14px;">publicIHttpActionResult getTest4([FromBody]object jdata)
{
//dynamic
returnOk("ddd");
}
前台的contenttype必须设置为json,此为WebAPI的方式,这种方式添加FromBody这个参数,会针对contenttype为json的post请求自动拦截,如果当contenttype不为json,则会影响后面stream正常获取,即:如果在上面代码中添加楼下的代码,在下面的代码中是获取不到json数据的===
3.2
"font-size:14px;"> HttpRequest request = HttpContext.Current.Request;
Stream stream = request.InputStream;
StreamReader streamReader = newStreamReader(stream);
string json = string.Empty;
json = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
这种方法在前两种的方法中已经提到过,用stream的方式获取方法比较通用,这个方法是万能的,v5===
后来想了想还是request是王道,其他的好多都是在他基础上扩展的,目前知道request主要有流和参数获取两种
===============================================================================================
有小伙伴们问get请求的事儿,顺便写了下
第一种:json对象
$(document).ready(function(){
vardata={
"F_CODE":"1",
"F_NAME":"xcy"
};
$.ajax({
type: "get",
url: "http://localhost:27110/test/formbody",
cache: false,
data: data,
success: function(res) {
}
});
});
第二种:url
$(document).ready(function(){
$.ajax({
type: "get",
url: "http://localhost:27110/test/formbody?F_CODE=1&&F_NAME=xcy",
cache: false,
data: data,
success: function(res) {
}
});
});
这里一定要将data里面设置为json对象,不要json.stringify加工,这样才能放到url链接后面,不然直接把json字符串放进去了,如下:
http://localhost:27110/test/formbody?{"F_CODE":"1","F_NAME":"xcy"}&_=1495087390056
后台处理
第一种:与webapi无关
"font-size:14px;">stringname = HttpContext.Current.Request["F_CODE"];
第二种:webapi参数绑定
[HttpGet]
publicIHttpActionResult formbody(stringF_CODE)
{
returnOk(F_CODE);
}
不是很难,注意一点的是get请求不用设置contenttype,因为contenttype是针对body的,既然body没了,contenttype自然没效果了。