for oracle中pivot_Oracle 行列转换(PIVOT)的N种方法

Oracle SQL - pivoting one row of several columns into one column of several rows

Oracle Tips by Burleson Consulting

There are many ways to use Oracle to pivot column data for display on a single row:

0 - Download SQL into Excel spreadsheet pivot table

Excel spreadsheets are a great way to pivot and analyze Oracle data, and tools like Excel-DB provide a fast API for downloading Oracle data into spreadsheets. Using excel pivot tables with Oracle data is a fast, easy way to use Oracle business intelligence without buying expensive OLAP solutions (Hyperion, Oracle BI Suite).  Here is an example.

1 - Write a PL/SQL function

You can write a PL/SQL function to display multiple rows values on a single line.  Martin Chadderton has written a Pl/SQL function called "stragg" that you can define to display multiple SQL rows on one single line.

2 - Use the SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH operator

This articleby Younes Naguib describes how to display multiple values from a single column in a single output row.  In his example, he displays multiple values of the last name column on a single row.  Note his use of the sys_connect_by_path and overoperators:

select

deptno,

substr(SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(lname, ','),2) name_list

from

(

select

lname,

deptno,

count(*) OVER ( partition by deptno ) cnt,

ROW_NUMBER () OVER ( partition by deptno order by lname) seq

from

igribun.emp

where

deptno is not null)

where

seq=cnt

start with

seq=1

connect by prior

seq+1=seq

and prior

deptno=deptno;

DEPTNO NAME_LIST

1      Komers,Mokrel,Stenko

2      Hung,Tong

3      Hamer

4      Mansur

3 - Cross join

Matt contributed this handy SQL techniques to pivot one row of several columns into a single column with several row, using the Oracle cross join syntax.  Matt notes that the Cross join "has other uses in conjunction with a WHERE clause to create triangular result sets for rolling totals etc (though thanks to analytic functions those things are very nice and easy)".

SELECT

ite,

case

when ite = 'item1' then item1

when ite = 'item2' then item2

when ite = 'item3' then item3

end as val

FROM

(

SELECT

pivoter.ite,

item1,

item2,

item3

FROM

someTable

CROSS JOIN

(

select 'item1' as ite from dual

UNION ALL

select 'item2' as ite from dual

UNION ALL

select 'item3' as ite from dual

)pivoter

)

4 - Oracle analytic Lag-Over Function

Analytic functions have a pronounced performance improvement since they avoid an expensive self-join and only make one full-table scan to get the results.  This site shows an example of using the Oracle LAG function to display multiple rows on a single column:

Matt contributed this handy SQL techniques to pivot one row of several columns into a single column with several row, using the Oracle cross join syntax.  Matt notes that the Cross join "has other uses in conjunction with a WHERE clause to create triangular result sets for rolling totals etc (though thanks to analytic functions those things are very nice and easy)".

SELECT

ite,

case

when ite = 'item1' then item1

when ite = 'item2' then item2

when ite = 'item3' then item3

end as val

FROM

(

SELECT

pivoter.ite,

item1,

item2,

item3

FROM

someTable

CROSS JOIN

(

select 'item1' as ite from dual

UNION ALL

select 'item2' as ite from dual

UNION ALL

select 'item3' as ite from dual

)pivoter

附录：

Display Oracle SQL output rows on one single line

Oracle Tips by Burleson Consulting

Question:  How to I get my SQL output rows to display on one line? select ename from emp;

Smith Jones Baker

I want the SQL output on one line, like this: select ename from emp;

Smith, Jones, Baker How do I get multiple rows onto one line of output?

Answer: I have complete notes and samples of displaying multiple columns on a single row. You can also use the undocumented SQL wm_concat function.You can displaying multiple columns per row with sys_connect_by_path, or you can write a PL/SQL function to display multiple rows values on a single line.

Also look at using Oracle analytics (the LAG and OVER functions) to display data in a single row of output.

Martin Chadderton has written a Pl/SQL function called "stragg" that you can define to display multiple SQL rows on one single line.  Once defined, you embed the function within your SQL to display your output on a single line:select stragg(ename) from emp;

Smith, Jones, Baker

Sorting SQL output on a single line

Note that sorting is tricky, and even though the output displays on a single line, the "order by" does not sort the rows on the one line:select stragg(ename) from emp order by ename;

Smith, Jones, BakerThe in-line view ensures that the SQL output appears sorted on one line of output: select stragg(ename)

from

(select stragg(ename) from emp order by ename);

Baker, Jones, Smith