公式
总之,遇到
型的式子,
①若是括号内x符号不同,则说明有对称性,如2,
,
由
,得对称轴为
② 若是括号外符号也不同,则说明具有点对称,如3,
,
由
,得对称中心
③若是括号内外符号都相同,则说明具有周期性。
2、常见题型
对称性有什么用呢?① 以利用性质,把图像补充完整; ②可求出相应的函数值;
题型一:补充图像,求解析式
例:识别条件,画图或是求解析式即可
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题型二:对应数值的关系,关于轴x=a对称有
;
关于点(a,b)对称有
;
例1:坐标之和思路:两个函数的交点具体值没法求,所以交点肯定具有某种关系,通过条件可知,f(x)与y都是关于x=1对称的函数,交点也都关于x=1对称,对称的两交点满足
,即
,一共有
对交点,所以选B
PS:所有涉及横坐标之和,或是纵坐标之和,多半要考虑对称性
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题型三:其他对称(利用特殊点处理)
例2:(设点)
思路:关于y=-x对称,要求f(x)不太容易,可以从点考虑
一般有:
关于
对称的点
,设题中的点
关于
对称点
,
关于
对称点
,带入函数
有
,得
,又
,所以
PS:关于其他对称,设出相应点,好做很多
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