arm02gnu/linux,2.1. 支持的硬件 - Debian GNU/Linux 安装手册(PPC架构)

Debian 不会超出 Linux 内核与 GNU 工具集所支持的硬件范围之外。 因此,任何被移植了 Linux 内核,libc, gcc等,并拥有对应的 Debian 移植版的硬件体系或平台都可以运行 Debian。请参考移植页面 http://www.debian.org/ports/powerpc/ 以了解更多已被 Debian 测试过的 PowerPC 体系。

本章仅包含一些通用的信息以及在何处可以获得更多信息的指导, 而不是试图列出支持 PowerPC 的所有不同硬件配置。

2.1.1. 支持的体系

Debian 3.1 支持十一种主要的体系和一些称为 ‘flavors’ 的变种。

体系

Debian 命名

子体系

Flavor

Intel x86-based

i386

vanilla

speakup

linux26

Motorola 680×0

m68k

Atari

atari

Amiga

amiga

68k Macintosh

mac

VME

bvme6000

mvme147

mvme16x

DEC Alpha

alpha

Sun SPARC

sparc

sun4cdm

sun4u

ARM and StrongARM

arm

netwinder

riscpc

shark

lart

IBM/Motorola PowerPC

powerpc

CHRP

chrp

PowerMac

pmac

PReP

prep

APUS

apus

HP PA-RISC

hppa

PA-RISC 1.1

32

PA-RISC 2.0

64

Intel ia64-based

ia64

MIPS (big endian)

mips

SGI Indy/Indigo 2

r4k-ip22

r5k-ip22

Broadcom BCM91250A (SQARM)

sb1-swarm-bn

MIPS (little endian)

mipsel

Cobalt

cobalt

DECstation

r4k-kn04

r3k-kn02

Broadcom BCM91250A (SQARM)

sb1-swarm-bn

IBM S/390

s390

IPL from VM-reader and DASD

generic

IPL from tape

type

本文档主要讲述的是 PowerPC 体系下的安装。如果您在寻找其他 Debian 所支持的体系的信息,请浏览 Debian 移植 页面。

2.1.2. CPU,主板和视频支持

有四个主要支持的 powerpc 子体系:PMac (Power-Macintosh),PReP,APUS (Amiga Power-UP System) 和 CHRP 机器。每种子体系都有各自的启动方式。 并且,还有四种不同的内核变种,以支持不同的 CPU。

移植到其它powerpc体系的工作,比如 Be-Box 与 MBX 体系, 仍在进行中,还不为 Debian 支持。将来我们也许会有 64 位的移植。

2.1.2.1. 内核变种

在 Debian 中有四种基于 CPU 类型的 powerpc 内核:

powerpc

绝大多数系统使用这种内核,它支持 PowerPC 601、 603、604、740、750 与 7400 处理器。所有 Apple Power Macintosh 以后的系统包括 G4 都使用这其中的处理器。

power3

POWER3 处理器用于早期的 IBM 64 位服务器系统: 已知的型号包括 IntelliStation POWER Model 265、pSeries 610 与 640,以及 RS/6000 7044-170、7044-260 和 7044-270。

power4

POWER4 处理器用于最新的 IBM 64 位服务器系统: 已知的型号包括 pSeries 615、630、650、655、670 和 690。

Apple G5 是基于 POWER4 体系,也是使用这种内核。

apus

这种内核支持 Amiga Power-UP 系统。

2.1.2.2. Power Macintosh (pmac) 子体系

Apple (以及其它一些制造商 — 比如 Power Computing) 生产了一系列基于 PowerPC 处理器 的 Macintosh 计算机。为体系支持的目的,它们被划分为 NuBus、OldWorld PCI 和 NewWorld。

使用 680×0 系列的 Macintosh 计算机不属于 PowerPC 家族,而是 m68k 机器。 这些机器的型号以 `Mac II’ 开头或是使用 3 位数字的型号,如 Centris 650 或 Quadra 950。Apple iMac PowerPC 之前的机型是 4 位数字。

NuBus 系统现在还不被 debian/powerpc 支持。单内核的 Linux/PPC 内核体系不支持这些机器; 而必须使用 MkLinux Mach 微内核,而这未被 Debian 支持。 它们包括:

Power Macintosh 6100, 7100, 8100

Performa 5200, 6200, 6300

Powerbook 1400, 2300 和 5300

Workgroup Server 6150, 8150, 9150

对这些机器提供有限支持的 linux 内核位于 http://nubus-pmac.sourceforge.net/

OldWorld 系统为大多数带软驱和 PCI 总线的 Power Macintosh。 大多数基于 603、603e、604 和 604e 的 Power Macintosh 是 OldWorld 机器。 米色的 G3 系统也是 OldWorld 的。

被称做 NewWorld PowerMacs 是那些有半透明塑料外壳的机器。包括所有的 iBook、G4 系统、 蓝色的 G3 系统、和大多数 1999 年及以后生产的 PowerBook。NewWorld PowerMacs 也是 1998 下半年以后制造,使用 `ROM in RAM’ MacOS 的系统。

Apple 硬件的规格说明位于 AppleSpec, 另外,对于旧硬件,参见 AppleSpec Legacy。

型号名称/编号

世代

Apple

iMac Bondi Blue, 5 Flavors, Slot Loading

NewWorld

iMac Summer 2000, Early 2001

NewWorld

iMac G5

NewWorld

iBook, iBook SE, iBook Dual USB

NewWorld

iBook2

NewWorld

iBook G4

NewWorld

Power Macintosh Blue and White (B&W) G3

NewWorld

Power Macintosh G4 PCI, AGP, Cube

NewWorld

Power Macintosh G4 Gigabit Ethernet

NewWorld

Power Macintosh G4 Digital Audio, Quicksilver

NewWorld

Power Macintosh G5

NewWorld

PowerBook G3 FireWire Pismo (2000)

NewWorld

PowerBook G3 Lombard (1999)

NewWorld

PowerBook G4 Titanium

NewWorld

PowerBook G4 Aluminum

NewWorld

Xserve G5

NewWorld

Performa 4400, 54xx, 5500

OldWorld

Performa 6360, 6400, 6500

OldWorld

Power Macintosh 4400, 5400

OldWorld

Power Macintosh 7200, 7300, 7500, 7600

OldWorld

Power Macintosh 8200, 8500, 8600

OldWorld

Power Macintosh 9500, 9600

OldWorld

Power Macintosh (Beige) G3 Minitower

OldWorld

Power Macintosh (Beige) Desktop, All-in-One

OldWorld

PowerBook 2400, 3400, 3500

OldWorld

PowerBook G3 Wallstreet (1998)

OldWorld

Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh

OldWorld

Workgroup Server 7250, 7350, 8550, 9650, G3

OldWorld

Power Computing

PowerBase, PowerTower / Pro, PowerWave

OldWorld

PowerCenter / Pro, PowerCurve

OldWorld

UMAX

C500, C600, J700, S900

OldWorld

APS

APS Tech M*Power 604e/2000

OldWorld

Motorola

Starmax 3000, 4000, 5000, 5500

OldWorld

2.1.2.3. PReP 子体系

型号名称/编号

Motorola

Firepower, PowerStack Series E, PowerStack II

MPC 7xx, 8xx

MTX, MTX+

MVME2300(SC)/24xx/26xx/27xx/36xx/46xx

MCP(N)750

IBM RS/6000

40P, 43P

Power 830/850/860 (6070, 6050)

6030, 7025, 7043

p640

2.1.2.4. CHRP 子体系

型号名称/编号

IBM RS/6000

B50, 43P-150, 44P

Genesi

Pegasos I, Pegasos II

2.1.2.5. APUS 子体系

型号名称/编号

Amiga Power-UP Systems (APUS)

A1200, A3000, A4000

2.1.3. 图形卡

Debian’s support for graphical interfaces is determined by the underlying support found in XFree86’s X11 system. The newer AGP video slots are actually a modification on the PCI specification, and most AGP video cards work under XFree86. Details on supported graphics buses, cards, monitors, and pointing devices can be found at http://www.xfree86.org/. Debian 3.1 ships with XFree86 version 4.3.0.

2.1.4. 多处理器

多处理器支持 — (又称 “symmetric multi-processing” 或 SMP —) 在本体系架构下是受到支持的。但是,标准的 Debian 3.1 内核并不支持 SMP。 这不会影响安装,因为非 SMP 的内核也能在 SMP 的系统下启动, 只不过内核只使用第一个 CPU。

为了使用多 CPU 的优势,您必须替换标准的 Debian 内核。您可以在第 8.4 节 “编译新内核” 找到相关的讨论。 当前(内核版本 2.6.8)启用 SMP 的方法是 在内核配置的”General” 中选择 “symmetric multi-processing”。

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